| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary in axils; bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial, opening at dawn or dusk; hypanthium sometimes prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals generally 4(2–7); petals generally 4 (or as many as sepals, rarely 0), often "fading" darker; stamens generally 4 or 8(2), anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen generally interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally 4 (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, or hemispheric
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like)
Seeds sometimes winged or hair-tufted
Genera in family: 15 genera, ± 650 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Gaura, Oenothera )
Reference: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1–278]
Annual to subshrub, sometimes floating or rooting at nodes
Leaves alternate to opposite, simple; stipules generally deciduous
Inflorescence: spike; flowers 1 per bract
Flower radial; hypanthium 0; sepals 4–5(7), persistent; petals (0)4–5(7), white to yellow; stamens 4 or 10(12), pollen generally shed singly in CA; stigma club-shaped to spheric
Fruit dehiscing irregularly; wall thick or thin
Seeds free or embedded in fruit wall
Species in genus: 82 species: ± worldwide
Etymology: (C.G. Ludwig, German botanist and physician, 1709–1773)
Reference: [Raven 1963 Reinwardtia 6:327–427]
Many polyploids.
| Native |
Perennial or subshrub, sometimes floating or rooting at nodes
Stem 2–20 dm, prostrate to erect, simple or branched above, glabrous to spreading-hairy
Leaves 1–11 cm, alternate; blade narrowly elliptic to widely obovate, entire, subglabrous
Flower: sepals 5(6), 8–19 mm; petals 5(6), 15–30 mm; stamens 10(12) in 2 unequal sets, anthers 1.5–4 mm
Fruit reflexed, falling with 10–60 mm pedicel; body 12–30 mm, cylindric, tapered to pedicel, ± hairy
Seed 1.2–1.5 mm, embedded in inner fruit wall
Chromosomes: 2n=80
Ecology: Swamps, lake margins
Elevation: < 300 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, s Outer North Coast Ranges, Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast
Distribution outside California: to Washington, se US, s S.America, introduced into Europe
Synonyms: Jussiaea uruguayensis Cambess