TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary in axils; bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial, opening at dawn or dusk; hypanthium sometimes prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals generally 4(27); petals generally 4 (or as many as sepals, rarely 0), often "fading" darker; stamens generally 4 or 8(2), anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen generally interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally 4 (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, or hemispheric
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like)
Seeds sometimes winged or hair-tufted
Genera in family: 15 genera, ± 650 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Gaura, Oenothera )
Reference: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1278]
Annual, perennial herb, from taproot or lateral roots
Leaves basal, cauline, or both, alternate, simple to 2-pinnate
Inflorescence bracted; spike, raceme, or flowers solitary in axils
Flower radial, generally opening at dawn (rarely at dusk); sepals 4, reflexed (sometimes 23 remaining adherent); petals 4, yellow, white, lavender, often with darker basal spots, generally fading purplish or reddish; stamens (4)8, longer ones opposite sepals, anthers generally attached at middle (or base), pollen grains 3-angled except in polyploid taxa (visible with hand lens); ovary chambers 4, stigma ± head-like or hemispheric, generally > anthers and cross-pollinated (or ± = anthers and self-pollinated)
Fruit straight to coiled, generally sessile
Seeds in 12 rows per chamber
Species in genus: 62 species: w North America (especially CA-FP), 1 South America
Etymology: (L.A. von Chamisso, French-born German botanist, 17811838)
Reference: [Raven 1969 Contr US Natl Herb 37:161396]
Polyploidy and self-pollination have predominated in evolution of genus. Previously included in Oenothera (" O." in synonyms).
Native |
Annual, slender, minutely strigose (hairs glandular or not, toward base also coarse, spreading); rosette ± 0
Stem decumbent or erect, < 50 cm, wiry, peeling
Leaf 835 mm, linear to very narrowly elliptic, minutely serrate
Inflorescence nodding
Flower: hypanthium 1.62.7 mm; sepals 1.64 mm, remaining adherent in pairs; petals 2.14.5 mm, yellow fading reddish, bases with 02 red dots
Fruit 1545 mm, 0.81.3 mm wide, cylindric, ± swollen by seeds, straight or wavy, subsessile
Seeds in 1 row per chamber, 0.60.8 mm, shiny, minutely pitted
Chromosomes: 2n=28
Ecology: Open sandy soils of dunes, grassland, desert scrub
Elevation: 02100 m.
Bioregional distribution: s edge s High Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountain Area, Central Western California, Southwestern California, n Channel Islands (Santa Rosa Island), w Mojave Desert
Distribution outside California: n Baja California
Flowering time: MarMay
Synonyms: O. s. (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Torr. & A. Gray; O. dentata Cav. misapplied
Self-pollinated. Related to South America C. dentata ; hybridizes with C. campestris subsp. obispoensis, C. contorta, C. integrifolia, C. kernensis subsp. k.