TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary in axils; bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial, opening at dawn or dusk; hypanthium sometimes prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals generally 4(27); petals generally 4 (or as many as sepals, rarely 0), often "fading" darker; stamens generally 4 or 8(2), anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen generally interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally 4 (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, or hemispheric
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like)
Seeds sometimes winged or hair-tufted
Genera in family: 15 genera, ± 650 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Gaura, Oenothera )
Reference: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1278]
Annual, perennial herb, from taproot or lateral roots
Leaves basal, cauline, or both, alternate, simple to 2-pinnate
Inflorescence bracted; spike, raceme, or flowers solitary in axils
Flower radial, generally opening at dawn (rarely at dusk); sepals 4, reflexed (sometimes 23 remaining adherent); petals 4, yellow, white, lavender, often with darker basal spots, generally fading purplish or reddish; stamens (4)8, longer ones opposite sepals, anthers generally attached at middle (or base), pollen grains 3-angled except in polyploid taxa (visible with hand lens); ovary chambers 4, stigma ± head-like or hemispheric, generally > anthers and cross-pollinated (or ± = anthers and self-pollinated)
Fruit straight to coiled, generally sessile
Seeds in 12 rows per chamber
Species in genus: 62 species: w North America (especially CA-FP), 1 South America
Etymology: (L.A. von Chamisso, French-born German botanist, 17811838)
Reference: [Raven 1969 Contr US Natl Herb 37:161396]
Polyploidy and self-pollination have predominated in evolution of genus. Previously included in Oenothera (" O." in synonyms).
Native |
Perennial or subshrub, short-lived, rosetted, densely strigose (rarely glabrous); hairs of inflorescence generally erect, short
Stems prostrate to ± ascending, < 60(130) cm, peeling
Leaf 550 mm, narrowly ovate to obovate, minutely serrate; cauline petioles 010 mm
Inflorescence nodding
Flower: hypanthium 2.18.5 mm; sepals 411.5 mm; petals 620 mm, yellow fading reddish, bases with 02 red dots
Fruit 1025 mm, 22.5 mm wide, 4-angled, generally 12-coiled
Seeds in 1 row per chamber, 1.21.3 mm, minutely pitted in rows, dull brownish black
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology: Sandy slopes, flats, coastal dunes
Elevation: < 100 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Central Coast, South Coast, Channel Islands
Distribution outside California: sw Oregon, n Baja California
Synonyms: O. c. Spreng. including var. nitida (Greene) Munz
Generally cross-pollinated. Sspp. intergrade on ChI.
Native |
Subshrub; hairs generally dense and silvery
Flower: hypanthium 58.5 mm; petals (10)1220 mm, bases with 12 red dots; anthers 2.23 mm; style 1323 mm
Ecology:Habitats of sp.
Bioregional distribution: South Coast
Distribution outside California: n Baja California
Synonyms: O. c. subsp. s. (S. Watson) Munz
Generally cross-pollinated (± self-incompatible).Hybridizes widely with C. bistorta.
Horticultural information: SUN: 15, 16, 17, 24 &IRR: 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.