TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

ONAGRACEAE

EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY

Warren L. Wagner, except as specified Peter H. Raven, Family Coordinator

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary in axils; bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial, opening at dawn or dusk; hypanthium sometimes prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals generally 4(2–7); petals generally 4 (or as many as sepals, rarely 0), often "fading" darker; stamens generally 4 or 8(2), anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen generally interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally 4 (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, or hemispheric
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like)
Seeds sometimes winged or hair-tufted
Genera in family: 15 genera, ± 650 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Gaura, Oenothera )
Reference: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1–278]

CAMISSONIA

SUN CUP

Annual, perennial herb, from taproot or lateral roots
Leaves basal, cauline, or both, alternate, simple to 2-pinnate
Inflorescence bracted; spike, raceme, or flowers solitary in axils
Flower radial, generally opening at dawn (rarely at dusk); sepals 4, reflexed (sometimes 2–3 remaining adherent); petals 4, yellow, white, lavender, often with darker basal spots, generally fading purplish or reddish; stamens (4)8, longer ones opposite sepals, anthers generally attached at middle (or base), pollen grains 3-angled except in polyploid taxa (visible with hand lens); ovary chambers 4, stigma ± head-like or hemispheric, generally > anthers and cross-pollinated (or ± = anthers and self-pollinated)
Fruit straight to coiled, generally sessile
Seeds in 1–2 rows per chamber
Species in genus: 62 species: w North America (especially CA-FP), 1 South America
Etymology: (L.A. von Chamisso, French-born German botanist, 1781–1838)
Reference: [Raven 1969 Contr US Natl Herb 37:161–396]
Polyploidy and self-pollination have predominated in evolution of genus. Previously included in Oenothera (" O." in synonyms).

Native

C. cardiophylla (Torr.) P.H. Raven

Annual, perennial herb; rosette 0; hairs spreading, glandular or not
Stem < 100 cm
Leaf: blade < 55 mm, ovate to rounded-cordate, irregularly dentate; petiole < 75 mm
Inflorescence dense, nodding
Flower opening at dusk; hypanthium 4.5–14 mm; sepals 3–9 mm; petals 3–12 mm, yellow or cream
Fruit 20–55 mm, ascending, cylindric, ± straight; pedicel 1–18 mm
Seeds in 2 rows per chamber, 0.5–0.7 mm, brown
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology: Sandy washes, slopes, rocky walls, creosote-bush scrub
Elevation: 0–1400 m.
Bioregional distribution: Desert
Distribution outside California: s Arizona, nw Mexico
Synonyms: O. c. Torr
Generally cross-pollinated. 3 subspp., 2 in CA.

Native

subsp. cardiophylla

Plant: sometimes some hairs glandular
Leaf cordate
Flower: hypanthium 4.5–12 mm; petals 3–12 mm
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: 0–600 m.
Bioregional distribution: c&s Mojave Desert (San Bernardino Co.), Sonoran Desert
Distribution outside California: s Arizona, nw Mexico
Flowering time: Mar–May
Horticultural information: TRY.