Jepson Interchange (more information)
Print edition is available from the University of California Press
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This page is based on the 1993 Jepson Manual.
Please see the Jepson eFlora for up-to-date information about California vascular plants. |
| Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange |
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TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Print edition is available from the University of California Press |
| The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press | |
| See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary in axils; bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial, opening at dawn or dusk; hypanthium sometimes prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals generally 4(2–7); petals generally 4 (or as many as sepals, rarely 0), often "fading" darker; stamens generally 4 or 8(2), anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen generally interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally 4 (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, or hemispheric
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like)
Seeds sometimes winged or hair-tufted
Genera in family: 15 genera, ± 650 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Gaura, Oenothera )
Reference: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1–278]
Annual, perennial herb, from taproot or lateral roots
Leaves basal, cauline, or both, alternate, simple to 2-pinnate
Inflorescence bracted; spike, raceme, or flowers solitary in axils
Flower radial, generally opening at dawn (rarely at dusk); sepals 4, reflexed (sometimes 2–3 remaining adherent); petals 4, yellow, white, lavender, often with darker basal spots, generally fading purplish or reddish; stamens (4)8, longer ones opposite sepals, anthers generally attached at middle (or base), pollen grains 3-angled except in polyploid taxa (visible with hand lens); ovary chambers 4, stigma ± head-like or hemispheric, generally > anthers and cross-pollinated (or ± = anthers and self-pollinated)
Fruit straight to coiled, generally sessile
Seeds in 1–2 rows per chamber
Species in genus: 62 species: w North America (especially CA-FP), 1 South America
Etymology: (L.A. von Chamisso, French-born German botanist, 1781–1838)
Reference: [Raven 1969 Contr US Natl Herb 37:161–396]
Polyploidy and self-pollination have predominated in evolution of genus. Previously included in Oenothera (" O." in synonyms).
| Native |
Annual, slender; rosette generally ± 0; hairs 0, coarse, or glandular
Stem decumbent or erect, 5–25(50) cm, peeling
Leaf 5–30 mm, linear to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblanceolate, minutely to coarsely serrate
Inflorescence nodding
Flower: hypanthium 1.5–5 mm; sepals 3–8(12) mm, remaining adherent in pairs; petals (3.5)5–15 mm, yellow fading reddish, base with (1)2 red dots; stigma exceeding anthers
Fruit 20–43 mm, 0.7–2 mm wide, cylindric, alternately narrow and swollen by seeds, straight or wavy, subsessile
Seeds in 1 row per chamber, 0.8–1.6 mm, shiny, minutely pitted
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology: Open sandy flats, desert scrub, noncoastal grasslands
Elevation: 0–2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Sierra Nevada Foothills, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, e Southwestern California, Mojave Desert
Synonyms: O. c. Greene
Cross-pollinated. Sspp. intergrade extensively.
| Native |
Stem generally erect
Leaf linear to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblanceolate, minutely serrate
Ecology: Habitats, range of sp
Elevation:
Bioregional distribution: Sierra Nevada Foothills, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, e Southwestern California, Mojave Desert
Flowering time: Mar–May
Synonyms: O. c. subsp. parishii (Abrams) Munz; O. dentata Cav. var. johnstonii Munz; O. cruciata (S. Watson) Munz misapplied
Sometimes hybridizes (hybrids seldom fertile) with C. contortaHorticultural information: TRY.
| YOU CAN HELP US make sure that our distributional information is correct and current. If you know that a plant occurs in a wild, reproducing state in a Jepson bioregion NOT highlighted on the map, please contact us with that information. Please realize that we cannot incorporate range extensions without access to a voucher specimen, which should (ultimately) be deposited in an herbarium. You can send the pressed, dried collection (with complete locality information indicated) to us (e-mail us for details) or refer us to an accessioned herbarium specimen. Non-occurrence of a plant in an indicated area is difficult to document, but we will especially value your input on those types of possible errors (see automatic conversion of distribution data to maps). |
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