| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, shrubs, trees
Stem angled or cylindric
Leaves simple, entire, generally opposite, sometimes alternate or whorled
Inflorescence: raceme, spike, or panicle, terminal, or axillary clusters with 1–several flowers
Flower bisexual, generally radial; hypanthium cylindric to bell-shaped, generally membranous, persistent in fruit; sepals 4–6, generally persistent, appendages 3–5 or 0, alternate sepals; petals, stamens inserted on inner hypanthium; petals 4–6 or 0, alternate sepals, deciduous; stamens generally = or 2 X petals, included or exserted; ovary superior, chambers 2–6, style generally slender, stigma head-like
Fruit: capsule, opening by valves from top, splitting sometimes irregular or 0
Seeds 3–many
Genera in family: ± 25 genera, 450 species: temp, tropical, generally in wet habitats. Some ornamental or cultivated for medicine, dyes
Reference: [Graham 1964 J Arnold Arbor 45:235–250]
Annual, perennial herb
Stem prostrate to erect, sometimes 4-angled
Leaves opposite, alternate, or whorled, linear to ovate, sessile or short-petioled
Inflorescence: raceme- or spike-like; flowers generally 1–2 per axil; bracts 2 per node
Flower radial to slightly bilateral, sometimes of 2–3 forms (heterostyly); hypanthium cylindric to bell-shaped; sepals 4–6, appendages < to > sepals; petals 4–6 or 0; stamens 4–6 or 12, included or exserted; styles < to > stamens
Fruit generally cylindric, generally dehiscent by 2 valves
Seeds many, < 1 mm
Species in genus: ± 35 species: temp
Etymology: (Greek: blood, from flower color)
Reference: [Stuckey 1980 Bartonia 47:3–20]
| Introduced |
Perennial, heterostylous
Stem erect, 5–15 dm, branching or not, ± gray-puberulent
Leaves generally opposite or whorled (sometimes alternate above), 5–14 cm, generally lanceolate
Inflorescence ± spike-like, terminal; bracts ovate, acuminate; flowers ± sessile
Flowers of 3 style forms; hypanthium cylindric, 4–5 mm; sepals deltate, < 1 mm; appendages linear, 2–3 mm; petals 8–14 mm, red-purple; stamens generally 12, included or exserted; style included or exserted
Fruit 3–4 mm, ovoid
Ecology: Marshes, ponds, streambanks, ditches
Elevation: < 1000 m.
Bioregional distribution: s North Coast, Outer North Coast Ranges, n Sierra Nevada Foothills, Sacramento Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, nw Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: worldwide; native to Europe
cultivated for ornamental. Weedy.