TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, shrub, generally hairy, generally taprooted
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves simple to pinnately compound, basal or cauline, alternate or opposite; stipules 0
Inflorescence: cyme (generally raceme-like and coiled) or flowers solitary
Flower bisexual, generally radial; calyx lobes generally 5, generally fused at base, generally persistent, enlarging in fruit; corolla generally deciduous, rotate to cylindric, lobes generally 5, appendages in pairs on tube between filaments or 0; stamens generally 5, epipetalous, filament base sometimes appendaged, appendages scale-like; ovary generally superior, chamber 1, placentas 2, parietal, enlarged into chamber, sometimes meeting so ovary appears 25-chambered, styles 12, stigmas generally head-like
Fruit: capsule, generally loculicidal; valves generally 2
Genera in family: 20 genera, 300 species: especially w US; some cultivated (Emmenanthe, Nemophila, Phacelia )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to be included in an expanded Boraginaceae (also including Lennoaceae) [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531553; Olmstead et al. 2000 Mol Phylog Evol 16:96112]
Annual, perennial herb, generally glandular-hairy, tap-rooted or from ± thick caudex
Leaves generally alternate, simple to 2-pinnately compound, generally ± reduced upward
Inflorescence: cyme, generally dense, coiled, generally 1-sided; pedicels generally short
Flower: corolla rotate to bell-shaped, white to purple, tube base with scales free or fused to filaments; stamens generally attached at same level, equal; ovary chamber 1 (or 2 below middle), placentas parietal, enlarging and meeting in fruit, style 2-lobed, generally hairy below lobes
Fruit oblong to spheric
Seeds 1many, oblong to spheric, generally brownish; back generally pitted or cross-furrowed
Species in genus: ± 175 species: Am; some cultivated for ornamental
Etymology: (Greek: cluster, from the dense inflorescence)
Reference: [Halse 1981 Madroño 28:121132; Heckard 1960 Univ Calif Publ Botany 32:1126; Lee 1988 Syst Bot 13:1620]
Bristly hairs may cause severe dermatitis . CA pers often hybridize, difficult to separate. Biennial and perennial herb species by Richard Halse.
Native |
Perennial 20120 cm
Stems decumbent to erect, ± stiff-hairy, often glandular
Leaves mostly basal; blade 50150 mm, = or > petiole, narrowly lanceolate to ovate, dissected, segments 315; upper sometimes entire
Flower: pedicels < 2 mm; calyx lobes overlapping, 36 mm, 510 mm in fruit, ± unequal, lanceolate to ovate, often glandular; corolla 47 mm, cylindric to bell-shaped, white to lavender, scales oblong; stamens 913 mm, exserted, hairy; style 914 mm, exserted, hairy below
Fruit 34 mm, narrowly ovoid, stiff-hairy
Seeds 13, 22.5 mm, pitted in vertical rows
Ecology: Slopes, roadsides, flats, canyons, chaparral, woodland
Elevation: 502600 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, South Coast, Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges
Distribution outside California: Baja California
Native |
Stem ascending to erect
Leaf: segments generally 715
Flower: outer calyx lobes narrowly ovate, often glandular
Chromosomes: n=11,22
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: 502300 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, South Coast, Transverse Ranges.Intergrades with subsp. patula in TR; with P. californica ; with P. egena especially in SnFrB
Synonyms: subsp. bernardina (Greene) Heckard
Horticultural information: SUN, DRN: 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.