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HYDROPHYLLACEAE

WATERLEAF FAMILY

Richard R. Halse, except as specified; Robert W. Patterson, Family Editor

Annual, perennial herb, shrub, generally hairy, generally taprooted
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves simple to pinnately compound, basal or cauline, alternate or opposite; stipules 0
Inflorescence: cyme (generally raceme-like and coiled) or flowers solitary
Flower bisexual, generally radial; calyx lobes generally 5, generally fused at base, generally persistent, enlarging in fruit; corolla generally deciduous, rotate to cylindric, lobes generally 5, appendages in pairs on tube between filaments or 0; stamens generally 5, epipetalous, filament base sometimes appendaged, appendages scale-like; ovary generally superior, chamber 1, placentas 2, parietal, enlarged into chamber, sometimes meeting so ovary appears 2–5-chambered, styles 1–2, stigmas generally head-like
Fruit: capsule, generally loculicidal; valves generally 2
Genera in family: 20 genera, 300 species: especially w US; some cultivated (Emmenanthe, Nemophila, Phacelia )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to be included in an expanded Boraginaceae (also including Lennoaceae) [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553; Olmstead et al. 2000 Mol Phylog Evol 16:96–112]

NEMOPHILA

Annual
Stem simple to openly branched, prostrate to erect, fleshy, brittle, angled or winged, glabrous to generally bristly
Leaves simple, cauline, opposite or alternate; petiole generally bristly-ciliate; blade pinnately toothed or lobed, generally bristly, upper generally reduced
Inflorescence: flowers solitary in axils or opposite leaves; pedicels longer in fruit, recurved
Flower: calyx bell-shaped to rotate, sinuses generally with spreading or reflexed appendages; corolla bell-shaped to rotate, white, blue, or purple, sometimes spotted or marked; stamens included; ovary chamber 1, style 1, generally lobed 1/3–1/2
Fruit generally 2–7 mm wide, spheric to ovoid, hairy, generally enclosed by calyx
Seeds ovoid, smooth, wrinkled or pitted, with a conic, colorless appendage at 1 end
Species in genus: 11 species: se US, w North America
Etymology: (Greek: woodland-loving)
Reference: [Constance 1941 Univ CA Publ Bot 19:341–398]

Native

N. parviflora Benth.


Stem glabrous or soft- to bristly-hairy
Leaves opposite or alternate; lower leaves cut or shallowly lobed, lobes dissimilar, merging or not stalked
Inflorescence: pedicels 2–15 mm in flower, < 30 mm in fruit
Flower: calyx lobes 1–3 mm, appendages < 1 mm; corolla 2–4 mm, 1–5 mm wide, bell-shaped, white or blue; filaments < or = corolla tube; style < 2 mm
Seeds 2–4, yellow to brick-red, smooth but shallowly pitted
Ecology: Meadows, forests, woodlands, roadsides, slopes
Elevation: < 2300 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Sierra Nevada (except n Sierra Nevada Foothills, s High Sierra Nevada), Central Western California, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Idaho, Utah

Native

var. parviflora


Stem ± glabrous to bristly
Leaves: lower opposite, 1–4 cm, base truncate or cordate, lobes generally 5, deep, generally acute, entire to toothed, upper 3 lobes sometimes ± merging; upper leaves alternate, generally sessile, asymmetric, shallowly lobed or toothed
Flower: corolla 1–5 mm wide
Chromosomes: n=9
Ecology: Woodlands, forests, roadsides, slopes
Elevation: < 1600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Central Western California
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia

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bioregional map for NEMOPHILA%20parviflora%20var.%20parviflora being generated
 


Retrieve Jepson Interchange Index to Plant Names entry for Nemophila parviflora var. parviflora
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