TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

WATERLEAF FAMILY

Richard R. Halse, except as specified; Robert W. Patterson, Family Editor

Annual, perennial herb, shrub, generally hairy, generally taprooted
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves simple to pinnately compound, basal or cauline, alternate or opposite; stipules 0
Inflorescence: cyme (generally raceme-like and coiled) or flowers solitary
Flower bisexual, generally radial; calyx lobes generally 5, generally fused at base, generally persistent, enlarging in fruit; corolla generally deciduous, rotate to cylindric, lobes generally 5, appendages in pairs on tube between filaments or 0; stamens generally 5, epipetalous, filament base sometimes appendaged, appendages scale-like; ovary generally superior, chamber 1, placentas 2, parietal, enlarged into chamber, sometimes meeting so ovary appears 2–5-chambered, styles 1–2, stigmas generally head-like
Fruit: capsule, generally loculicidal; valves generally 2
Genera in family: 20 genera, 300 species: especially w US; some cultivated (Emmenanthe, Nemophila, Phacelia )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to be included in an expanded Boraginaceae (also including Lennoaceae) [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553; Olmstead et al. 2000 Mol Phylog Evol 16:96–112]

NAMA

PURPLE MAT

John D. Bacon

Generally annual, hairy
Leaves cauline, generally alternate, simple; margin entire, wavy, crenate, or rolled under
Inflorescence: clusters (generally terminal, leafy) or flowers solitary or paired in axils, not coiled
Flower: corolla salverform to bell-shaped; stamens generally attached to corolla at different levels, generally unequal, portion fused to corolla generally narrowly winged; scales at filament base 0
Fruit generally loculicidal, ovoid to elliptic
Seeds generally many, small, reddish brown, brown, black or yellow
Species in genus: ± 55 species: sw US, tropical Am, Hawaii
Etymology: (Greek: a stream)
Reference: [Hitchcock 1933 Amer J Bot 20:415–430, 518–534]

Native

N. aretioides (Hook. & Arn.) Brand

Hairs generally dense, coarse, appressed to spreading, generally swollen at base
Stem prostrate, 3–12 cm, repeatedly forked
Leaf ± sessile, generally sickle-shaped
Inflorescence: flowers sessile
Flower: sepals narrowly linear to lanceolate; corolla salverform; fused parts of filaments unwinged; style 1, 2-lobed
Fruit 2–4 mm
Seed generally compressed, irregularly elliptic-ovoid, brown to black, smooth to minutely cross-ridged, with prominent depressions
Ecology: Dry, sandy or loamy areas
Elevation: 1200–2300 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Outer North Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, n High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Idaho, Nevada

Native

var. californicum (Brand) Jeps.

Leaf 4–20 mm, narrowly linear to spoon-shaped
Flower: corolla 5–9 mm, white or pink; stamens 1–4 mm, attached 1–3 mm above corolla base; style 1–2 mm
Seed < or = 1 mm, black, smooth or minutely roughened
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology: Sandy-loam flats, slopes
Elevation: < 1700 m.
Bioregional distribution: Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: w Nevada