TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 12 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns
Reference: [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae]
Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.
Annual or perennial herb, unarmed
Leaves generally palmately compound; stipules conspicuous, partly fused to petiole; leaflets generally 3, sometimes 59, ± serrate or dentate
Inflorescence: raceme (often umbel-like), head, or spike, axillary or terminal, generally many-flowered, often involucred, generally peduncled; flowers bracted or not
Flower generally spreading to erect, often becoming reflexed; corolla generally purple to pale lavender, sometimes yellow, persistent after flower; 9 filaments fused, 1 free
Fruit generally indehiscent, but often breaking, short, plump, generally included in corolla; base often stalk-like
Seeds 16
Etymology: (Latin: 3 leaves)
Reference: [Gillett 1980 Can J Bot 58:14251558; Zohary & Heller 1984 Genus Trifolium]
Native |
Perennial, rhizomed or not, cespitose or not, generally puberulent
Stem decumbent to erect, sometimes ± 0
Leaves basal and cauline; stipules oblong-lanceolate to ovate, < 2 cm; leaflets 25 cm, linear to obovate
Inflorescence head-like, included or exserted, 1.53 cm wide; peduncle often bent or curved at tip
Flower: calyx 510 mm, ± puberulent, lobes lanceolate to bristle-like, generally > tube; corolla 1018 mm, dull white, purple, or 2-colored
Fruit: stalk-like base 01 mm
Seed generally 1
Chromosomes: 2n=16,24,32,48
Ecology: Meadows, streambanks, forests, open slopes, sometimes on serpentine
Elevation: 6003000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, North Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, San Jacinto Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Montana, Colorado
Intergrading complex
Reference: [Gillett 1969 Can J Bot 47:93113]
; differentiating characters often indiscernible on herbarium specimens. Var. longipes not present in CA.
Native |
Plant often cespitose
Leaf: leaflet length 1.54 X width
Inflorescence: pedicel 12 mm; some or most flowers becoming reflexed
Flower: calyx lobes 13 X tube; corolla lavender to purple, longer petals tapered to point
Ecology: Coniferous forest to alpine slopes
Elevation: 14002700 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Cascade Range, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Washington
Flowering time: JunSep
Synonyms: var. multipedunculatum (P.B. Kenn.) Isely
Horticultural information: TRY.