TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

FABACEAE

LEGUME FAMILY

Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 1–2 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1–many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1–many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1–several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns. [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae] Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.

LUPINUS

LUPINE

Rhonda Riggins (annual) and Teresa Sholars (perennial herbs to shrubs)

Annual to shrubs; cotyledons generally petioled, withering early
Stem generally erect
Leaves palmately compound in CA, generally cauline; stipules fused to petiole; leaflets 3–17, generally oblanceolate, entire
Inflorescence: raceme; flowers spiraled or whorled; bracts generally deciduous
Flower: calyx 2-lipped, lobes entire or toothed, generally appendaged between lobes; banner centrally grooved, sides reflexed, wing tips slightly fused, keel generally pointed; stamens 10, filaments fused, 5 long with short anthers, 5 short with long anthers; style brushy
Fruit dehiscent, generally oblong
Seeds 2–12, generally smooth
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially w North America, w South America to e US, also tropical South America, Medit
Etymology: (Latin: wolf, from mistaken idea that plants rob soil of nutrients)
Some cultivated for fodder, green manure, edible seed, ornamental; some naturalized from CA in e North America, South America, Australia, s Africa; some (e.g. L. arboreus, L. latifolius, L. leucophyllus ) have alkaloids (especially in seeds, fruits, young herbage) TOXIC to livestock (especially sheep)
Reference: [Barneby 1989 Intermountain Flora 3(B):237–267]
Infl length does not include peduncle
Horticultural information: Many lupine taxa need seed pre-treatment (scarification, stratification, inoculation) for successful germination.

Native

L. luteolus Kellogg

BUTTER LUPINE

Annual 3–16(20) dm, sparsely hairy or becoming glabrous, appearing glaucous; cotyledons disk-like, persistent, or leaving a circular scar
Stem hard, rigid
Leaf: petiole 2–5 cm; leaflets 7–9, 10–30 mm, 4–9 mm wide, upper surface generally hairy (except e KR)
Inflorescence 5–22 cm; whorls generally crowded; peduncle 4–15 cm; bracts 5–11 mm, reflexed, hairy, persistent; pedicels 1–3 mm
Flower 10–16 mm; calyx upper lip 3–5 mm, lower lip 6–10 mm, appendages generally 0; petals generally pale yellow (pinkish or bright blue), wings generally ciliate on upper, rarely lower margins near claw, upper and lower keel margins equally (± densely) ciliate
Fruit 1–1.5 cm, ± 10 mm wide, ovoid, hairy, spreading
Seeds 2, dark brown, tubercled
Ecology: Clearings, open or disturbed areas
Elevation: < 1900 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, e San Francisco Bay Area and n Inner South Coast Ranges (Diablo Range), w Western Transverse Ranges
Distribution outside California: Oregon
Locally common. Unusually tall plants in c NCoRO (Round Valley, ne Mendocino Co.) with blue corollas have been called L. milo-bakeri C.P. Sm. (Milo Baker lupine, THREATENED CA), but probably do not warrant taxonomic recognition.