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FABACEAE

LEGUME FAMILY

Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 1–2 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1–many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1–many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1–several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns
Reference: [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae]
Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.

LUPINUS

LUPINE

Rhonda Riggins (annual) and Teresa Sholars (perennial herbs to shrubs)

Annual to shrubs; cotyledons generally petioled, withering early
Stem generally erect
Leaves palmately compound in CA, generally cauline; stipules fused to petiole; leaflets 3–17, generally oblanceolate, entire
Inflorescence: raceme; flowers spiraled or whorled; bracts generally deciduous
Flower: calyx 2-lipped, lobes entire or toothed, generally appendaged between lobes; banner centrally grooved, sides reflexed, wing tips slightly fused, keel generally pointed; stamens 10, filaments fused, 5 long with short anthers, 5 short with long anthers; style brushy
Fruit dehiscent, generally oblong
Seeds 2–12, generally smooth
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially w North America, w South America to e US, also tropical South America, Medit
Etymology: (Latin: wolf, from mistaken idea that plants rob soil of nutrients)
Some cultivated for fodder, green manure, edible seed, ornamental; some naturalized from CA in e North America, South America, Australia, s Africa; some (e.g. L. arboreus, L. latifolius, L. leucophyllus ) have alkaloids (especially in seeds, fruits, young herbage) TOXIC to livestock (especially sheep)
Reference: [Barneby 1989 Intermountain Flora 3(B):237–267]
Infl length does not include peduncle
Horticultural information: Many lupine taxa need seed pre-treatment (scarification, stratification, inoculation) for successful germination.

Native

L. excubitus M.E. Jones

GRAPE SODA LUPINE

Subshrub or shrub 2–20 dm, greenish to silver-hairy
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves cauline, clustered at base or not, generally silver-hairy; stipules 5–20 mm; petiole 4–15 cm; leaflets 7–10, 5–50 mm
Inflorescence < 70 cm; peduncle < 30 cm; pedicel 2–7 mm; flowers whorled or not; bracts 8–9 mm, deciduous
Flower 9–18 mm, with distinctive sweet smell; calyx upper lip 6–8 mm, deeply notched, lower lip 6–8 mm, entire to 3-toothed; petals violet to lavender, banner back generally hairy, patch bright yellow (turning purple at flower), keel generally lobed near base, upper keel margins ciliate from middle to tip, lower keel margins glabrous
Fruit 3–5 cm, silky
Seeds 5–8, mottled yellow-brown with lateral lines
Ecology: Dry areas
Elevation: < 3000 m.
Bioregional distribution: s High Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountain Area, San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, Peninsular Ranges, East of Sierra Nevada, Desert.

Native

var. johnstonii C.P. Sm.

INTERIOR BUSH LUPINE

Subshrub 1–3 dm, silver-hairy
Flower 14–18 mm
Ecology: UNCOMMON. Dry slopes under pines
Elevation: 1500–2500 m.
Bioregional distribution: San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains.Grades into var. a.
Horticultural information: TRY.

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