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  • Up-to-date information about California vascular plants is available from the Jepson eFlora.

FABACEAE

LEGUME FAMILY

Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 1–2 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1–many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1–many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1–several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns
Reference: [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae]
Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.

LUPINUS

LUPINE

Rhonda Riggins (annual) and Teresa Sholars (perennial herbs to shrubs)

Annual to shrubs; cotyledons generally petioled, withering early
Stem generally erect
Leaves palmately compound in CA, generally cauline; stipules fused to petiole; leaflets 3–17, generally oblanceolate, entire
Inflorescence: raceme; flowers spiraled or whorled; bracts generally deciduous
Flower: calyx 2-lipped, lobes entire or toothed, generally appendaged between lobes; banner centrally grooved, sides reflexed, wing tips slightly fused, keel generally pointed; stamens 10, filaments fused, 5 long with short anthers, 5 short with long anthers; style brushy
Fruit dehiscent, generally oblong
Seeds 2–12, generally smooth
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially w North America, w South America to e US, also tropical South America, Medit
Etymology: (Latin: wolf, from mistaken idea that plants rob soil of nutrients)
Some cultivated for fodder, green manure, edible seed, ornamental; some naturalized from CA in e North America, South America, Australia, s Africa; some (e.g. L. arboreus, L. latifolius, L. leucophyllus ) have alkaloids (especially in seeds, fruits, young herbage) TOXIC to livestock (especially sheep)
Reference: [Barneby 1989 Intermountain Flora 3(B):237–267]
Infl length does not include peduncle
Horticultural information: Many lupine taxa need seed pre-treatment (scarification, stratification, inoculation) for successful germination.

Native

L. breweri A. Gray

Perennial or subshrub < 2 dm, matted or tufted, silvery-silky
Stem prostrate; base ± woody
Leaves cauline, clustered near base; stipules 2–5 mm; petiole 1–5(6) cm; leaflets 5–10, 3–20 mm
Inflorescence 1–10 cm, ± dense; peduncle 1–8 cm; pedicel 1–3(4) mm; bracts 3–5 mm, deciduous
Flower 4–11 mm; calyx upper lip 4–7 mm, 2-toothed, lower lip 4–6 mm, entire to 3-toothed; petals blue to violet, banner back glabrous to densely hairy, patch white or yellow, keel straight, upper keel margins glabrous or ciliate, lower keel margins glabrous
Fruit 1–2 cm, silky
Seeds 3–4, 3–4 mm, mottled tan, brown
Ecology: Common. Generally open montane forest
Elevation: 1000–4000 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province, East of Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: s Oregon, Nevada

Native

var. grandiflorus C.P. Sm.

Subshrub, matted
Leaf: leaflets 6–11 mm
Inflorescence 2–10 cm; peduncle 2–8 cm
Flower 6–11 mm; keel ciliate, banner back ± silky
Ecology: Volcanic sand
Elevation: 2000–3500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, East of Sierra Nevada
Flowering time: Jun–Aug
Horticultural information: TRY.

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