TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 12 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns
Reference: [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae]
Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.
Annual or perennial herb from crown, glabrous to hairy; hairs sometimes forked at base, branches parallel with leaf surface, sometimes very unequal
Stem 0 or prostrate to erect
Leaves odd-1-pinnate; leaflets generally jointed to midrib; stipules membranous, sometimes fused around stem at stem base
Inflorescence: raceme, axillary, sometimes head- or umbel-like; flowers 2many
Flower bilateral; calyx 5-lobed; banner outside wings in bud, keel blades with small protrusion at base locking into pit on adjacent wing; 9 filaments fused, 1 free; ovary (and fruit) generally sessile, style slender, stigma minute
Fruit generally 1- or ± 2-chambered, often mottled, generally becoming ± dry; placenta on upper suture
Seeds 2many, smooth, compressed, ± notched at attachment scar
Species in genus: > 2000 species: ± worldwide (380 in North America, 94 in CA including many rare taxa)
Etymology: (Greek: ankle-bone or dice, perhaps from rattling of seeds within fruit)
Reference: [Barneby 1964 Mem NY Bot Gard 20:11188; Isely 1986 Iowa State J Res 61:157289]
Very difficult; both flower and fruit needed for identification; many good species appear similar; some species complexes need study. Taxa near province boundaries may appear in > 1 key. Varieties keyed under species for simplicity; species with vars. so identified in key. Fr length includes beak and any stalk-like base unless fruit body specified.
Native |
Perennial, generally open and widely branched, silvery-hairy or not
Stem ± ascending or erect, 440 cm
Leaf 1.510 cm; lower stipules fused around stem into sheath; leaflets 521, 221 mm, oblong to obovate
Inflorescence: flowers 316, ± well separated, spreading or reflexed
Flower: petals cream to pink-purple, banner 8.317.2 mm, recurved 5080°, keel 7.313.8 mm
Fruit pendent; body 1560 mm, 1025 mm wide, bladdery, papery, glabrous to minutely strigose; stalk-like base 29 mm, slender; chamber 1
Ecology: Open sandy, gravelly, or rocky places
Elevation: 8003660 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, s Sierra Nevada Foothills, High Sierra Nevada, w Western Transverse Ranges, Modoc Plateau, n East of Sierra Nevada, White and Inyo Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Idaho, Nevada
Intergrading complex.
Native |
Plant gray or silvery; hairs short-curly, long-straight
Leaf 210 cm, with spaces between leaflets
Inflorescence: flowers 516
Flower: petals whitish, tinged with pink or lilac, banner 12.817.2 mm
Fruit: body 1.76 cm, hairs minute, curved; stalk-like base 49 mm
Ecology: Open areas, often with sagebrush
Elevation: 13502400 m.
Bioregional distribution: n High Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to Idaho, Nevada