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ERICACEAE

HEATH FAMILY

Gary D. Wallace, except as specified

Perennial, shrub, tree
Stem: bark often peeling distinctively
Leaves simple, generally cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, evergreen or deciduous, often leathery, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, cyme, or flowers solitary, generally bracted; pedicels often with 2 bractlets
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals generally 4–5, generally free; petals generally 4–5, free or fused; stamens 8–10, free, filaments rarely appendaged, anthers awned or not, dehiscent by pores or slits; nectary generally at ovary base, disk-like; ovary superior or inferior, chambers generally 1–5, placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma head- to funnel-like or lobed
Fruit: capsule, drupe, berry
Seeds generally many, sometimes winged
Genera in family: ± 100 genera, 3000 species: generally worldwide except deserts; some cultivated, especially Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Rhododendron, Vaccinium
Reference: [Wallace 1975 Wasmann J Biol 33:1–88; 1975 Bot Not 128:286–298]
Subfamilies Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Vaccinioideae sometimes treated as families. Nongreen plants obtain nutrition from green plants through fungal intermediates.

PYROLA

WINTERGREEN, SHINLEAF

Erich Haber

Perennial, evergreen, rhizomed
Leaves ± basal, reniform, ovate, ± round, elliptic, or obovate, ± entire to round- or sharp-toothed, petioled
Inflorescence: raceme, symmetric; peduncle smooth, glabrous; bracts generally 1–several, ovate or lanceolate
Flower: radial, ± closed or bilateral, ± open, parts in 5's, free; petals without tubercles, upper 2 generally forming hood over upturned stamens; stamens 10, filaments generally widened at base, smooth, glabrous, anther pores generally on tubes; disk 0; ovary superior, style straight, ± included, or downwardly curved, exserted, stigma peltate, with 5 spreading lobes above a prominent, reflexed collar or not peltate, with 5 ± erect lobes projecting beyond a delicate, reflexed collar
Fruit: capsule, pendent; valves opening from base to tip, margins fibrous
Species in genus: ± 15–20 species: generally circumboreal, high mtns of C.Am, Sumatra
Etymology: (Latin: little pear, ± from leaf shape)

Native

P. asarifolia Michx.


Leaf < 10 cm; lower surface often purple
Inflorescence < 6 dm including peduncle; bracts generally >> pedicels, ovate
Flower bilateral, ± open; sepals ovate to generally lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate; petals pink to deep red; anthers 2–3.5 mm, pore tubes < ± 1/5 as long; style downwardly curved, exserted, stigma lobes ± erect
Ecology: Moist to dry forests, wetlands
Elevation: 100–3000 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Klamath Ranges, Outer North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, e N.America, e Asia
Reference: [Haber 1983 Syst Bot 8:277–298]

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