| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Perennial, shrub, tree
Stem: bark often peeling distinctively
Leaves simple, generally cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, evergreen or deciduous, often leathery, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, cyme, or flowers solitary, generally bracted; pedicels often with 2 bractlets
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals generally 4–5, generally free; petals generally 4–5, free or fused; stamens 8–10, free, filaments rarely appendaged, anthers awned or not, dehiscent by pores or slits; nectary generally at ovary base, disk-like; ovary superior or inferior, chambers generally 1–5, placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma head- to funnel-like or lobed
Fruit: capsule, drupe, berry
Seeds generally many, sometimes winged
Genera in family: ± 100 genera, 3000 species: generally worldwide except deserts; some cultivated, especially Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Rhododendron, Vaccinium
Reference: [Wallace 1975 Wasmann J Biol 33:1–88; 1975 Bot Not 128:286–298]
Subfamilies Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Vaccinioideae sometimes treated as families. Nongreen plants obtain nutrition from green plants through fungal intermediates.
Species in genus: 1 sp
Etymology: (Greek: winged seed)
| Native |
Perennial, nongreen, densely sticky-glandular; roots brittle
Stem 0
Leaf scale-like
Inflorescence: raceme, 1.5–17 dm, pink to reddish, emerging from soil erect, persistent after seed dispersal, bracted; axis < 1.5 cm wide below lowest flower; bractlets 0
Flower pendent; sepals 5, free; petals 5, ± 4/5 fused, 6–9 mm, urn-shaped, cream to yellowish, lobes recurved; stamens 10, anthers dehiscent by separate slits, awned; ovary superior, chambers 5, placentas axile, style < 3 mm, jointed to ovary, stigma generally 1.5 mm wide, disk-like
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal, dehiscent base to tip, pendent, < 1.3 cm wide
Seeds many per chamber, < 0.2 mm wide, ovoid; wing terminal, < 1 mm wide, membranous
Ecology: Mixed or coniferous forests
Elevation: 60–3700 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountain Area, Transverse Ranges, San Jacinto Mountains, Warner Mountains
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Mexico; also e N.America