| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Perennial, shrub, tree
Stem: bark often peeling distinctively
Leaves simple, generally cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, evergreen or deciduous, often leathery, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, cyme, or flowers solitary, generally bracted; pedicels often with 2 bractlets
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals generally 4–5, generally free; petals generally 4–5, free or fused; stamens 8–10, free, filaments rarely appendaged, anthers awned or not, dehiscent by pores or slits; nectary generally at ovary base, disk-like; ovary superior or inferior, chambers generally 1–5, placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma head- to funnel-like or lobed
Fruit: capsule, drupe, berry
Seeds generally many, sometimes winged
Genera in family: ± 100 genera, 3000 species: generally worldwide except deserts; some cultivated, especially Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Rhododendron, Vaccinium
Reference: [Wallace 1975 Wasmann J Biol 33:1–88; 1975 Bot Not 128:286–298]
Subfamilies Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Vaccinioideae sometimes treated as families. Nongreen plants obtain nutrition from green plants through fungal intermediates.
Species in genus: 1 sp
Etymology: (Greek: seeds at side, from parietal placentas)
| Native |
Perennial, nongreen, fleshy, glabrous; roots brittle
Stem 0
Leaf 0
Inflorescence: raceme, generally 6–10 cm, yellowish cream, emerging from soil erect, not persistent after seed dispersal, bracted, drying brown or black at tips; bractlets 0
Flower: sepals 4, free, 5–8 mm; petals 4(5), free, 8–10 mm, cylindric, glabrous, yellowish cream, margins jagged; stamens generally 8, anthers 3–4 mm, elongate, dehiscent by long, separate lateral slits, unawned; ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas parietal, style < 3 mm, stigma 1.5–2.5 mm wide, crown-like, not subtended by hairs
Fruit: berry, < 1 cm wide, cream to whitish
Seeds many, ovoid
Chromosomes: 2n=52
Ecology: Mixed or coniferous forests
Elevation: 150–2800 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Klamath Ranges, Outer North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, San Francisco Bay Area
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia