| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Perennial, shrub, tree
Stem: bark often peeling distinctively
Leaves simple, generally cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, evergreen or deciduous, often leathery, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, cyme, or flowers solitary, generally bracted; pedicels often with 2 bractlets
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals generally 4–5, generally free; petals generally 4–5, free or fused; stamens 8–10, free, filaments rarely appendaged, anthers awned or not, dehiscent by pores or slits; nectary generally at ovary base, disk-like; ovary superior or inferior, chambers generally 1–5, placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma head- to funnel-like or lobed
Fruit: capsule, drupe, berry
Seeds generally many, sometimes winged
Genera in family: ± 100 genera, 3000 species: generally worldwide except deserts; some cultivated, especially Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Rhododendron, Vaccinium
Reference: [Wallace 1975 Wasmann J Biol 33:1–88; 1975 Bot Not 128:286–298]
Subfamilies Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Vaccinioideae sometimes treated as families. Nongreen plants obtain nutrition from green plants through fungal intermediates.
Perennial, nongreen, glabrous to glandular-hairy; roots brittle, main often elongate
Stem 0
Leaf scale-like
Inflorescence: raceme or flowers solitary; emerging from soil nodding, erect in fruit, persistent after seed dispersal, bracted; bractlets 1–2; pedicels generally recurved to spreading when anthers open, erect in fruit, jointed to flower
Flower: sepals generally 5, free; petals generally 5, free, oblong-cup-shaped, each ± bulged at base; stamens generally 10, anthers dehiscent by 1 or 2 slits, unawned; nectary lobes (8)10, ± clasping stamen bases; ovary superior, lines of dehiscence evident, chambers (4)5, placentas axile
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal, erect, dehiscent tip to base
Seeds many per chamber, fusiform
Species in genus: 2 species: n hemisphere
Etymology: (Greek: 1 direction, from 1-sided inflorescence)
| Native |
Flower: sepals ± like petals; style 2–5 mm wide
Ecology: Low mixed or coniferous forests
Elevation: < 200 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Klamath Ranges
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, e N.America; also C.America, n S.America, e Asia