| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual, parasitic vine
Stem twining, ± thread-like, yellow-green to bright orange, generally glabrous
Leaves 0 or scale-like, ± 2 mm, generally triangular to lanceolate
Inflorescence: cyme or cluster (rarely flowers solitary), generally head- or spike-like, axillary, sometimes bracted
Flower bisexual, radial; calyx generally persistent, lobes generally 4–5, generally overlapped; corolla generally deciduous, < 6 mm, mostly white, tube generally appendaged opposite stamens, lobes 4–5; stamens 4–5, alternate corolla lobes; ovary superior, chambers 2(3), 2-ovuled, styles generally 2, stigma generally 1 per style, generally ± head-like
Fruit: capsule (circumscissile or irregularly dehiscent) or berry-like
Genera in family: 1 genus, ± 150 species: especially Am tropical; some crop pests
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated within Convolvulaceae [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553].
Etymology: (Arabic: ancient name)
| Introduced |
Inflorescence head-like; pedicels 0–0.5 mm
Flower: calyx generally 2–2.5 mm, lobes generally 4, 1–1.5 mm; corolla 2–4 mm, shallowly bell-shaped (urn-like in fruit), lobes 5, spreading to ascending, each with a fleshy keel, appendages 1.5–2 mm, divisions generally knob-like; filaments 0.3–0.7 mm, anthers ± 0.5 mm; ovary 1–1.5 mm, obovoid, top depressed, style ± 0.4 mm, stigma cylindric
Chromosomes: n=14
Ecology: Uncommon. On alfalfa, other crops
Elevation: generally < 1500 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, Great Central Valley, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to Utah; native to Old World
Synonyms: C. epithymum Murray; var. urceolata (Kunze) Yuncker misapplied