TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

APIACEAE

CARROT FAMILY

Lincoln Constance

Annual, biennial, perennial herb (rarely shrub, tree), often from taproot
Stem often ± scapose, generally ribbed, hollow
Leaves basal and generally some cauline, generally alternate; stipules generally 0; petiole base generally sheathing stem; blade generally much dissected, sometimes compound
Inflorescence: umbel or head, simple or compound, generally peduncled; bracts present (in involucres) or not; bractlets generally present (in involucels)
Flowers many, small, generally bisexual (or some staminate), generally radial (or outer bilateral); calyx 0 or lobes 5, small, atop ovary; petals 5, free, generally ovate or spoon-shaped, generally incurved at tips, generally ± ephemeral; stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-chambered, generally with a ± conic, persistent projection or platform on top subtending 2 free styles
Fruit: 2 dry, 1-seeded halves that separate from each other but generally remain attached for some time to a central axis; ribs on each half 5, 2 marginal and 3 on back; oil tubes 1–several per interval between ribs
Genera in family: 300 genera, 3,000 species: ± worldwide, especially temp; many cultivated for food or spice (e.g., Carum, caraway; Daucus; Petroselinum); some highly toxic (e.g., Conium). Underground structures here called roots, but true nature remains problematic. Mature fruit generally critical in identification; shapes generally given in outline, followed by shape in X -section of 2 fruit halves together.

PERIDERIDIA

YAMPAH, SQUAWROOT

Perennial, glabrous, often glaucous; roots tuberous, single or clustered, or fibrous, clustered
Stem erect, branched
Leaf: blade lanceolate to triangular-ovate, generally 1–2-ternate-pinnate or 1–2-pinnately or ternate-pinnately dissected, leaflets or segments generally linear to linear-lanceolate
Inflorescence: umbels compound; bracts 0–many, conspicuous and reflexed or not; bractlets several–many, narrow, ± scarious; rays, pedicels few–many, generally spreading-ascending; 2° umbels generally convex on top
Flower: calyx lobes evident; petals generally obovate, white, tips narrowed
Fruit linear-oblong to round, slightly compressed side-to-side or not at all, glabrous; ribs subequal, thread-like to prominent, not winged; oil tubes per rib-interval 1–several; fruit axis divided to base
Seed: face flat to grooved
Species in genus: ± 12 species: generally w Am
Etymology: (Greek: around the neck, from involucre)
Reference: [Chuang & Constance 1969 Univ Calif Publ Bot 55]
Roots, basal leaves needed for identification.

Native

P. gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias

Plant 3–14 dm; roots tuberous, single or 2–3-clustered, 1.5–8 cm, fusiform
Leaf: basal petiole 8–15 cm; basal blade 20–35 cm, oblong to ovate, generally 1-pinnate, leaflets 2–12 cm, linear or lanceolate, basal sometimes lobed or ternately dissected; cauline leaves 1–2-pinnate or 1–2-ternate
Inflorescence: peduncle 3–20 cm; bracts generally 0; bractlets 8–13, 1–4 mm, linear-lanceolate; rays generally 7–16, 1.5–7 cm, unequal, spreading-ascending; pedicels 4–8 mm; 2° umbels 15–40-flowered
Flower: styles 1–2 mm
Fruit 2.5–3.5 mm, ± round; ribs thread-like; oil tube per rib-interval 1
Ecology: Moist soil of flats, meadows, streamsides, grasslands, pine groves
Elevation: 0–3000 m.
Bioregional distribution: s North Coast, Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, Central Coast, South Coast, Warner Mountains
Distribution outside California: to sw Canada, South Dakota, New Mexico
Sspp. could be considered distinct species

Native

subsp. gairdneri

GAIRDNER'S YAMPAH

Plant generally flexible; root tuberous, single, 10–15 mm wide
Inflorescence: rays generally 7–14
Flower: petals 1-veined
Chromosomes: 2n=38
Ecology: Coastal flats, grassland, pine groves
Elevation: 0–350 m.
Bioregional distribution: s North Coast (Sonoma Co.), Central Coast (scarce s of Monterey Co.), South Coast
Horticultural information: In cultivation.