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APIACEAE

CARROT FAMILY

Lincoln Constance

Annual, biennial, perennial herb (rarely shrub, tree), often from taproot
Stem often ± scapose, generally ribbed, hollow
Leaves basal and generally some cauline, generally alternate; stipules generally 0; petiole base generally sheathing stem; blade generally much dissected, sometimes compound
Inflorescence: umbel or head, simple or compound, generally peduncled; bracts present (in involucres) or not; bractlets generally present (in involucels)
Flowers many, small, generally bisexual (or some staminate), generally radial (or outer bilateral); calyx 0 or lobes 5, small, atop ovary; petals 5, free, generally ovate or spoon-shaped, generally incurved at tips, generally ± ephemeral; stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-chambered, generally with a ± conic, persistent projection or platform on top subtending 2 free styles
Fruit: 2 dry, 1-seeded halves that separate from each other but generally remain attached for some time to a central axis; ribs on each half 5, 2 marginal and 3 on back; oil tubes 1–several per interval between ribs
Genera in family: 300 genera, 3,000 species: ± worldwide, especially temp; many cultivated for food or spice (e.g., Carum, caraway; Daucus; Petroselinum); some highly toxic (e.g., Conium). Underground structures here called roots, but true nature remains problematic. Mature fruit generally critical in identification; shapes generally given in outline, followed by shape in X -section of 2 fruit halves together.

OENANTHE

Perennial from clustered, fibrous-tuberous roots or rhizomes, glabrous
Stem generally decumbent or ascending, often rooting at lower nodes
Leaf: blade oblong to triangular-ovate, generally 1–3-pinnate, leaflets wide or narrow, generally serrate to pinnately lobed
Inflorescence: umbels compound; bracts generally 0 or inconspicuous; bractlets many; rays, pedicels many, spreading or spreading-ascending
Flowers: outer bisexual or staminate, sometimes bilateral; outer calyx lobes acute, generally prominent, enlarging in fruit or deciduous; petals wide, white or reddish, tips narrowed; styles persistent
Fruit oblong-ovate to round, subcylindric or ± compressed front-to-back; ribs low, obtuse, corky; oil tubes per rib-interval generally 1
Seed: face flat
Species in genus: ± 30 species: North America, Eurasia, Africa
Etymology: (Greek: wine flower)

Native

O. sarmentosa J. Presl

Plant 5–15 dm
Leaf: petiole 1–3.5 dm; blade 1–3 dm, 6–25 cm wide, generally 2-pinnate, leaflets 1–6 cm, ± ovate, serrate to lobed; cauline leaves like basal
Inflorescence: peduncle 5–13 cm; bractlets many, 4–5 mm, lanceolate, acute; rays 10–20, 1.5–3 cm; pedicels 2–6 mm
Flower: calyx lobes 0.5–1 mm, lanceolate; styles 2–3 mm
Fruit 2.5–3.5 mm, oblong, subcylindric; ribs wide
Chromosomes: 2n=44
Ecology: Streams, marshes, ponds, often aquatic
Elevation: 0–1000 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Sierra Nevada Foothills (uncommon), Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast
Distribution outside California: to w Canada
Horticultural information: WET: 7, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24 &SUN: 4, 5, 6, 17; INV.

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