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APIACEAE

CARROT FAMILY

Lincoln Constance

Annual, biennial, perennial herb (rarely shrub, tree), often from taproot
Stem often ± scapose, generally ribbed, hollow
Leaves basal and generally some cauline, generally alternate; stipules generally 0; petiole base generally sheathing stem; blade generally much dissected, sometimes compound
Inflorescence: umbel or head, simple or compound, generally peduncled; bracts present (in involucres) or not; bractlets generally present (in involucels)
Flowers many, small, generally bisexual (or some staminate), generally radial (or outer bilateral); calyx 0 or lobes 5, small, atop ovary; petals 5, free, generally ovate or spoon-shaped, generally incurved at tips, generally ± ephemeral; stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-chambered, generally with a ± conic, persistent projection or platform on top subtending 2 free styles
Fruit: 2 dry, 1-seeded halves that separate from each other but generally remain attached for some time to a central axis; ribs on each half 5, 2 marginal and 3 on back; oil tubes 1–several per interval between ribs
Genera in family: 300 genera, 3,000 species: ± worldwide, especially temp; many cultivated for food or spice (e.g., Carum, caraway; Daucus; Petroselinum); some highly toxic (e.g., Conium). Underground structures here called roots, but true nature remains problematic. Mature fruit generally critical in identification; shapes generally given in outline, followed by shape in X -section of 2 fruit halves together.

LOMATIUM

Perennial from taproot or generally deep-seated tuber, glabrous to tomentose
Stem 0 or erect, simple or branched; base fibrous (from old leaf sheaths) or not
Leaf: blade oblong to triangular-ovate or obovate, ternately, pinnately, or ternate-pinnately dissected or compound, segments or leaflets thread-like to wide
Inflorescence: umbels compound, peduncled; bracts generally 0; bractlets generally present, 0 to conspicuous; rays, pedicels spreading to erect, often webbed at base
Flower: calyx lobes generally 0; petals wide, yellow, white, or purple, tips narrowed; projection atop ovary 0
Fruit linear to obovate, very compressed front-to-back; marginal ribs widely to narrowly thin or thick-winged, others thread-like; oil tubes per rib-interval 1–several; fruit axis divided to base
Seed: face flat to concave
Species in genus: ± 75 species: c&s North America
Etymology: (Greek: bordered, from prominent marginal fruit wing)
Reference: [Schlessman 1984 Syst Bot Monogr 4:1–55]
Fr wing width expressed as width of 1 wing, not both together.

Native

L. triternatum (Pursh) J.M. Coult. & Rose

Plant 1.5–10 dm, generally finely soft-hairy or puberulent; taproot slender to massive
Stem prominent
Leaf: petiole 7–20 cm, sheathing ± to middle; blade 7–20 cm, oblong-ovate to triangular-ovate or obovate, 1–2-ternate-pinnate, leaflets 1.5–20 cm, generally linear to widely lanceolate, generally entire; cauline leaves 0 or generally wholly sheathing
Inflorescence: peduncle generally 1–4.5 dm, spreading to erect; bractlets (0)3–8, 1–5 mm, thread-like to linear-lanceolate, ± scarious; rays 5–20, 2–10 cm, spreading or spreading-ascending, unequal, webbed; pedicels 1–10 mm, webbed
Flower: corolla yellow; ovary glabrous to densely puberulent
Fruit 6–22 mm, oblong, puberulent or glabrous; wings generally < body in width; oil tubes per rib-interval 1
Ecology: Uncommon. Sagebrush-juniper, pine woodland or forest, open slopes, meadows, open serpentine ridges, scrub
Elevation: 200–2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, North Coast Ranges, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to w Canada, Montana, Wyoming, w Nevada
Variable in GB, adjacent areas. Var. anomalum (M.E. Jones) Mathias evidently not in CA. Varieties poorly defined.

Native

var. triternatum

Plant not very stout
Flower: ovary glabrous
Chromosomes: 2n=22,44
Ecology: Open serpentine ridges, scrub, pine forest
Elevation: 200–2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, North Coast Ranges, Warner Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Washington, w Canada, Montana, w Nevada
Synonyms: L. nudicaule var. puberulum Jeps

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