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APIACEAE

CARROT FAMILY

Lincoln Constance

Annual, biennial, perennial herb (rarely shrub, tree), often from taproot
Stem often ± scapose, generally ribbed, hollow
Leaves basal and generally some cauline, generally alternate; stipules generally 0; petiole base generally sheathing stem; blade generally much dissected, sometimes compound
Inflorescence: umbel or head, simple or compound, generally peduncled; bracts present (in involucres) or not; bractlets generally present (in involucels)
Flowers many, small, generally bisexual (or some staminate), generally radial (or outer bilateral); calyx 0 or lobes 5, small, atop ovary; petals 5, free, generally ovate or spoon-shaped, generally incurved at tips, generally ± ephemeral; stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-chambered, generally with a ± conic, persistent projection or platform on top subtending 2 free styles
Fruit: 2 dry, 1-seeded halves that separate from each other but generally remain attached for some time to a central axis; ribs on each half 5, 2 marginal and 3 on back; oil tubes 1–several per interval between ribs
Genera in family: 300 genera, 3,000 species: ± worldwide, especially temp; many cultivated for food or spice (e.g., Carum, caraway; Daucus; Petroselinum); some highly toxic (e.g., Conium). Underground structures here called roots, but true nature remains problematic. Mature fruit generally critical in identification; shapes generally given in outline, followed by shape in X -section of 2 fruit halves together.

LOMATIUM

Perennial from taproot or generally deep-seated tuber, glabrous to tomentose
Stem 0 or erect, simple or branched; base fibrous (from old leaf sheaths) or not
Leaf: blade oblong to triangular-ovate or obovate, ternately, pinnately, or ternate-pinnately dissected or compound, segments or leaflets thread-like to wide
Inflorescence: umbels compound, peduncled; bracts generally 0; bractlets generally present, 0 to conspicuous; rays, pedicels spreading to erect, often webbed at base
Flower: calyx lobes generally 0; petals wide, yellow, white, or purple, tips narrowed; projection atop ovary 0
Fruit linear to obovate, very compressed front-to-back; marginal ribs widely to narrowly thin or thick-winged, others thread-like; oil tubes per rib-interval 1–several; fruit axis divided to base
Seed: face flat to concave
Species in genus: ± 75 species: c&s North America
Etymology: (Greek: bordered, from prominent marginal fruit wing)
Reference: [Schlessman 1984 Syst Bot Monogr 4:1–55]
Fr wing width expressed as width of 1 wing, not both together.

Native

L. dissectum (Torr. & A. Gray) Mathias & Constance

Plant 3–14 dm, glabrous to puberulent or minutely scabrous, ± glaucous; taproot stout, thickened
Stem rarely 0; base with 1 or more scarious sheaths
Leaf: petiole 3–30 cm; blade 15–35 cm wide, triangular-ovate to round, ternate-pinnately dissected, segments 2–22 mm, linear-oblong; cauline leaves generally few, like basal
Inflorescence glabrous; peduncle 1.5–6 dm; bractlets several, > or < flowers, linear; rays 10–30, 3–10 cm, spreading; pedicels 1–20 mm
Flower: corolla maroon-red or yellow
Fruit 12–16 mm, oblong-ovate to elliptic, glabrous, pumpkin-seed-like; wings thick, << body in width; oil tubes obscure
Ecology: Wooded or brushy slopes
Elevation: 150–3000 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Klamath Ranges, High Cascade Range, c Sierra Nevada Foothills, High Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountain Area, South Coast, San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to w Canada, Idaho, Baja California

Native

var. multifidum (Torr. & A. Gray) Mathias & Constance


Leaf: segments 2–22 mm, 0.5–2 mm wide
Flower: corolla yellow
Fruit: pedicels generally 5–15 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=22
Ecology: Wooded or brushy slopes, often coniferous forest
Elevation: 600–3000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountain Area, South Coast, San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to w Canada, Baja California
Flowering time: May–Jul
Horticultural information: TRY.

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