TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, biennial, perennial herb (rarely shrub, tree), often from taproot
Stem often ± scapose, generally ribbed, hollow
Leaves basal and generally some cauline, generally alternate; stipules generally 0; petiole base generally sheathing stem; blade generally much dissected, sometimes compound
Inflorescence: umbel or head, simple or compound, generally peduncled; bracts present (in involucres) or not; bractlets generally present (in involucels)
Flowers many, small, generally bisexual (or some staminate), generally radial (or outer bilateral); calyx 0 or lobes 5, small, atop ovary; petals 5, free, generally ovate or spoon-shaped, generally incurved at tips, generally ± ephemeral; stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-chambered, generally with a ± conic, persistent projection or platform on top subtending 2 free styles
Fruit: 2 dry, 1-seeded halves that separate from each other but generally remain attached for some time to a central axis; ribs on each half 5, 2 marginal and 3 on back; oil tubes 1several per interval between ribs
Genera in family: 300 genera, 3,000 species: ± worldwide, especially temp; many cultivated for food or spice (e.g., Carum, caraway; Daucus; Petroselinum); some highly toxic (e.g., Conium). Underground structures here called roots, but true nature remains problematic. Mature fruit generally critical in identification; shapes generally given in outline, followed by shape in X -section of 2 fruit halves together.
Biennial, perennial herb, from taproot, clustered roots, or rhizomes, generally glabrous, generally ± spiny
Stem creeping to erect, rooting at nodes, branched or not
Leaves basal and generally also cauline; petioles 0 or present; blades linear to triangular-ovate or round, generally pinnately or palmately lobed or dissected, rarely entire, often sharply toothed or ciliate, net-veined; juvenile leaves linear, segmented
Inflorescence: heads 1many in cymes, racemes, or panicles; bracts in 1 or more series, a single bractlet accompanying each flower; rays, pedicels 0
Flower: calyx lobes prominent, persistent on fruit; petals oblong to ovate, white to blue or purple, tip long; projection atop ovary 0
Fruit obovate to round, not compressed to very compressed front-to-back, densely scaly or tubercled or some surfaces glabrous; ribs 0; oil tubes inconspicuous; fruit central axis not an obvious structure
Seed: face generally flat
Species in genus: ± 200 species: Am, Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand
Etymology: (Ancient Greek name used by Theophrastus)
Reference: [Sheikh 1983 Madroño 30:93101]
CA species (sect. Armata ) are generally in vernal pools, polyploid, poorly defined, apparently interbreeding. Basal leaves are described unless stated otherwise.
Native |
Plant generally ascending or erect, 19 dm, slender or stout, generally branching loosely from main stem, 25 cm above basal rosette, generally glabrous
Leaf < branch; petiole 527 cm, generally > blade; blade 310 cm, lanceolate to oblanceolate, crenate to coarsely sharply serrate, irregularly cut, or lobed
Inflorescence: heads 512 mm, subspheric, in cymes; peduncles 0.51.5 cm; bracts 58, 627 mm, = to 2 X heads, linear to linear-lanceolate, entire or spine-margined, minutely hairy or roughened; bractlets 510 mm
Flower: sepals 1.72.8 mm, lanceolate to ovate, entire; petals oblanceolate, white; styles 1.53.5 mm, sometimes purplish
Fruit 1.52.5 mm, oblong-ovate; scales dense, unequal, lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, roughened
Ecology: Abundant. Vernal pools, ditches, etc.
Elevation: 01000 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast Ranges, s South Coast, Peninsular Ranges
Distribution outside California: Baja California
Native |
Fruit: styles >> calyx
Chromosomes: 2n=32,64
Ecology: Vernal pools, lake shores, drying lakes, wet depressions
Elevation: 01000 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay Area.Most widespread, variable var.; apparently hybridizes with other vars., species
Horticultural information: SUN, IRR: 15, 16, 17.