TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, biennial, perennial herb, rarely dioecious, taprooted or rhizome generally slender
Leaves simple, generally opposite; stipules generally 0; petiole generally 0; blade entire, sheath generally 0
Inflorescence: cyme, generally open; flowers fewmany or flower solitary and axillary; involucre generally 0
Flower generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium sometimes present; sepals generally 5, ± free or fused into a tube, tube generally herbaceous between lobes or teeth; awns generally 0; petals generally 5 or 0, generally tapered to base (or with claw long, blade expanded), entire to 2several-lobed, blade generally without scale-like appendages (inner surface), generally without ear-like lobes at base; stamens generally 10, generally fertile, generally free, generally from ovary base; nectaries generally 0; ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, placentas basal or free-central, styles 25 or 1 and 23-branched
Fruit: capsule or utricle (rarely modified, dehiscent), generally sessile
Seeds: appendage generally 0
Genera in family: 85 genera, 2400 species: widespread, especially arctic, alpine, temp, n hemisphere; some cultivated (Agrostemma, Arenaria, Cerastium, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Lychnis, Saponaria, Silene, Vaccaria ).
Annual, perennial herb, erect to mat-forming; taproot or rhizomes present
Leaf: blade linear to ovate; vein 1
Inflorescence: cyme, terminal or axillary; flowers fewmany, open to tightly dense; pedicels 136+ mm
Flower: sepals 5, 3.512 mm, free, lanceolate to ovate, hairy to glandular-hairy; petals 0 or 5, 2.515 mm, ± 2-lobed; stamens (5)10; styles 5, 0.53.3 mm
Fruit: capsule, cylindric, ± curved in upper 1/2; teeth 10, spreading to recurved
Seeds severalmany, pale brown to reddish brown
Species in genus: 60 species: worldwide
Etymology: (Greek: horn, from fruit shape)
Introduced |
Perennial, often flowering first year and appearing annual, 635 cm; hairs non-glandular
Stem generally both vegetative (mat-forming) and flower (± erect)
Leaves: those on flower stem 825 mm, lanceolate to oblong, ± widely so; axillary leaf clusters 0
Inflorescence: bract margins generally scarious; pedicels in fruit 14 X sepals
Flower: calyx 4.57 mm, non-glandular, hairs < tip, ascending, scarious margin of most outer sepals 0.20.6 mm wide; petals 1.5 mm, < to 0.5 mm > sepals
Fruit 6.511 mm
Seed 0.60.7 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=72,126,136,144,160,180
Ecology: Disturbed areas, grassy slopes, damp woods, marshy ground
Elevation: < 2200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, High Cascade Range, c Sierra Nevada Foothills, n&c High Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: native to Europe
Synonyms: subsp. triviale (Spenner) Jalas; C. vulgatum L. misapplied