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CAPRIFOLIACEAE

HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY

Lauramay T. Dempster

Subshrub, shrub, vine, or small tree
Leaves opposite, simple or compound; stipules generally 0
Flower: calyx tube fused to ovary, limb generally 5-lobed; corolla radial or bilateral, rotate to cylindric, generally 5-lobed; stamens generally 5, epipetalous, alternate corolla lobes; ovary inferior, 1–5-chambered, style l
Fruit: berry, drupe, or capsule
Genera in family: ± 12 genera, 450 species: especially n temp
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include Valerianaceae (and Dispaceae); Sambucus, Viburnum recently treated in Adoxaceae

LONICERA

HONEYSUCKLE

Shrub, erect or twining
Leaves simple, entire, short-petioled; 1–2 pairs beneath inflorescence often fused around stem
Inflorescence: spikes, interrupted, at ends of branches, or flowers paired on axillary peduncles and subtended by 0–2 sets of bracts
Flower: calyx-limb 0 or generally 5-toothed, generally persistent; corolla 5-lobed, ± radial or strongly 2-lipped (4 upper lobes, 1 lower), tube pouched at base; ovary chambers 2–3
Fruit: berry, generally round
Species in genus: ± 200 species: temp, subtropical North America, Eur, Asia, n Africa
Etymology: (Adam Lonitzer, German herbalist, 16th century)
Reference: [Rehder 1903 Rep Missouri Bot Gard 14:27–231]
2 collections (Del Norte Co., Eldorado Co.) have purplish, apparently sterile, variously distorted flowers with long, slender ovary/hypanthium; probably alien (key 7.).

Native

L. involucrata (Richardson) Banks

TWINBERRY

Shrub, erect, 6–30 dm; herbage with stalked glands, sparsely hairy
Leaf 3–12 cm; petiole 2–10 mm; blade elliptic to ovate, base rounded or tapered, tip acute to acuminate
Inflorescence: flowers paired; peduncles 12–32 mm, axillary, subtended by conspicuous involucre of 2 pairs of bracts; outer bracts opposite flowers, 7–12 mm, widely ovate, generally acute; inner bracts 4–8 mm, alternate flowers, deeply 2-lobed, truncate, densely glandular
Flower: calyx limb 0; corolla 12–18 mm, ± cylindric to narrowly bell-shaped, ± yellow, hairy, lobes ± 2 mm, subequal, slightly spreading; ovaries of a flower pair free
Fruit 6–10 mm, black, in enlarged, purple or red, spreading or reflexed involucre
Ecology: Moist places
Elevation: < 2900 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Sierra Nevada, Central Coast, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, e N.America, Mexico

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bioregional map for LONICERA%20involucrata being generated
 


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