| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, from taproot, fibrous roots, or rhizome, glabrous to densely hairy
Stem reclining or erect, branched, 5–150 cm, 4-angled
Leaves cauline, sometimes also basal, generally lanceolate to ovate, thin, fleshy, or leathery, entire to toothed, sessile or petioled
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary, terminal or axillary
Flower: corolla cylindric to funnel- or bell-shaped, white to deep blue, lobes linear to triangular; ovary inferior, hemispheric to obconic
Fruit dehiscing by 2–3 lateral pores
Seeds 2 mm, oblong
Species in genus: ± 300 species: n hemisphere; many cultivated, some medicinal
Etymology: (Latin: little bell, from corolla shape)
Reference: [Morin 1980 Madroño 27:149–163]
| Native |
Stems stiffly ascending, 7–18 cm; base brownish or purplish
Leaf 3–15 mm, ovate, narrowed abruptly to short petiole, entire, glabrous or hairy
Inflorescence: axis zigzag, especially in fruit; bracts 1–3 mm, lanceolate to elliptic; pedicels 8–12 mm, 0.1–0.15 mm diam, spreading, straight or slightly curved, tip not curved
Flower: hypanthium ± 1 mm; sepals ± 0.5 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, erect; corolla 0.7–1.3 mm, divided ± to base, white, glabrous; filament tube ± 1 mm, tip slightly curved, glabrous, anthers 0.1–0.2 mm
Fruit 1.5–2.5 mm, obconic (base acute, tip rounded)
Seed 0.5–0.7 mm, widely elliptic, narrowly ridged
Chromosomes: n=9
Ecology: Dry slopes, burned areas
Elevation: 400–2100 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, n Sierra Nevada Foothills, High Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau, Mojave Desert
Distribution outside California: Oregon
Flowering time: May–Jul
| Native |
Stems stiffly ascending, 5–25 cm; base brownish or purplish
Leaf 3–16 mm, oblanceolate to elliptic, narrowed gradually to petiole, toothed or pinnately lobed, hairy
Inflorescence: axis strongly zigzag; bracts 1–3 mm, spreading, linear to ovate; pedicels 6–16 mm, 0.1–0.2 mm diam, spreading, straight or slightly curved, tip generally curved
Flower: hypanthium ± 1 mm; sepals 1.5–2.5 mm, linear-elliptic to ± deltate, spreading; corolla 2–2.5 mm, divided ± to base, white, upper lobes erect, lower lobes ciliate; filament tube 1–2.3 mm, tip slightly curved, glabrous, anthers 0.2–0.4 mm
Fruit ± 2–4 mm, ± hemispheric (base and tip rounded)
Seed ± 0.5 mm, cylindric; surface with impressed, vertical lines crossed by fine transverse lines
Ecology: Dry slopes, sandy soils, washes
Elevation: < 2400 m.
Bioregional distribution: East of Sierra Nevada, Desert
Distribution outside California: to Utah, New Mexico, Baja California