TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993)	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California

CAMPANULACEAE

BELLFLOWER FAMILY

Nancy Morin, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves generally cauline, generally simple, generally alternate, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: panicle, raceme, spike, or flowers solitary in axils, generally open; bracts leaf-like or not
Flower: bisexual, radial or bilateral, sometimes inverted (pedicel twisted 180°; hypanthium generally present, ± fused to ovary; sepals generally 5; corolla radial to 2-lipped, generally fused (tube sometimes split down back), lobes generally 5; stamens 5, free or ± fused (anthers and filaments fused into tube or filaments fused above middle); ovary inferior, sometimes half inferior, chambers 1–3, placentas axile or parietal, ovules many, style generally 1, 2–5-branched
Fruit: generally capsule, dehiscing on sides or at tip by pores or short valves
Seeds many
Genera in family: ± 70 genera, ± 2000 species: worldwide. Some cultivated for ornamental (Campanula, Jasione, Lobelia ). Subfamilies sometimes treated as different families.

NEMACLADUS

Nancy R. Morin and Jennifer Milburn

Annual; roots fibrous
Stems erect or spreading, simple or branched at base or below middle
Leaves basal; petiole short or 0
Inflorescence ± raceme-like; bract 1 per flower, small; pedicel generally thread-like
Flower inverted; sepals linear to triangular; corolla nearly radial and 5-lobed or 2-lipped (upper lip 3-lobed, lower lip 2-lobed); filaments free at base, fused into tube above, sometimes appendaged at tube base, anthers free, all alike; ovary generally half-inferior in fruit, sometimes 0, hemispheric to obconic, sometimes glandular, stigma 2-lobed, papillate
Fruit generally > hypanthium, hemispheric to fusiform; tip pointed or rounded, dehiscing at tip by 2 valves; chambers 2
Seed elliptic to oblong
Species in genus: 13 species: sw US, nw Mex
Etymology: (Greek: thread-like branch)
Reference: [McVaugh 1942 N Amer Flora 32A: 1–134]

Native

N. rigidus Curran

Stems spreading to decumbent, 4–9 cm; base shiny, purple
Leaf 5–10 mm, elliptic to oblanceolate, narrowed to wide petiole, entire to scalloped, hairy
Inflorescence: axis strongly zigzag; bracts 2–3 mm, widely elliptic; pedicels 5–12 mm, 0.2 mm diam, spreading, straight, becoming curved in age
Flower: hypanthium 1 mm; sepals ± 1.5 mm, triangular, erect; corolla 1–1.5 mm, deeply divided, white or purplish, veins and margins red, lobes ovate, erect, glabrous; filament tube 1.2–1.6 mm, tip slightly curved, glabrous, anthers 0.2–0.3 mm
Fruit 3–4 mm, hemispheric (base oblique, tip pointed)
Seed 0.6–0.7 mm, elliptic; surface with wide ridges alternating with pitted rows
Ecology: Bare soil or sand
Elevation: 200–2500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: e Oregon, Idaho, Nevada
Flowering time: May–Jun