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CAMPANULACEAE

BELLFLOWER FAMILY

Nancy Morin, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves generally cauline, generally simple, generally alternate, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: panicle, raceme, spike, or flowers solitary in axils, generally open; bracts leaf-like or not
Flower: bisexual, radial or bilateral, sometimes inverted (pedicel twisted 180°; hypanthium generally present, ± fused to ovary; sepals generally 5; corolla radial to 2-lipped, generally fused (tube sometimes split down back), lobes generally 5; stamens 5, free or ± fused (anthers and filaments fused into tube or filaments fused above middle); ovary inferior, sometimes half inferior, chambers 1–3, placentas axile or parietal, ovules many, style generally 1, 2–5-branched
Fruit: generally capsule, dehiscing on sides or at tip by pores or short valves
Seeds many
Genera in family: ± 70 genera, ± 2000 species: worldwide. Some cultivated for ornamental (Campanula, Jasione, Lobelia ). Subfamilies sometimes treated as different families.

NEMACLADUS

Nancy R. Morin and Jennifer Milburn

Annual; roots fibrous
Stems erect or spreading, simple or branched at base or below middle
Leaves basal; petiole short or 0
Inflorescence ± raceme-like; bract 1 per flower, small; pedicel generally thread-like
Flower inverted; sepals linear to triangular; corolla nearly radial and 5-lobed or 2-lipped (upper lip 3-lobed, lower lip 2-lobed); filaments free at base, fused into tube above, sometimes appendaged at tube base, anthers free, all alike; ovary generally half-inferior in fruit, sometimes 0, hemispheric to obconic, sometimes glandular, stigma 2-lobed, papillate
Fruit generally > hypanthium, hemispheric to fusiform; tip pointed or rounded, dehiscing at tip by 2 valves; chambers 2
Seed elliptic to oblong
Species in genus: 13 species: sw US, nw Mex
Etymology: (Greek: thread-like branch)
Reference: [McVaugh 1942 N Amer Flora 32A: 1–134]

Native

N. glanduliferus Jeps.


Stems stiffly ascending, 5–25 cm; base brownish or purplish
Leaf 3–16 mm, oblanceolate to elliptic, narrowed gradually to petiole, toothed or pinnately lobed, hairy
Inflorescence: axis strongly zigzag; bracts 1–3 mm, spreading, linear to ovate; pedicels 6–16 mm, 0.1–0.2 mm diam, spreading, straight or slightly curved, tip generally curved
Flower: hypanthium ± 1 mm; sepals 1.5–2.5 mm, linear-elliptic to ± deltate, spreading; corolla 2–2.5 mm, divided ± to base, white, upper lobes erect, lower lobes ciliate; filament tube 1–2.3 mm, tip slightly curved, glabrous, anthers 0.2–0.4 mm
Fruit ± 2–4 mm, ± hemispheric (base and tip rounded)
Seed ± 0.5 mm, cylindric; surface with impressed, vertical lines crossed by fine transverse lines
Ecology: Dry slopes, sandy soils, washes
Elevation: < 2400 m.
Bioregional distribution: East of Sierra Nevada, Desert
Distribution outside California: to Utah, New Mexico, Baja California

Native

var. orientalis McVaugh


Flower: pedicels stiffly ascending, tip straight; sepals ± 1–1.5 mm; filament tube 1–2 mm
Ecology: Sandy soils, rocky slopes, washes
Elevation: < 2400 m.
Bioregional distribution: East of Sierra Nevada, Desert
Distribution outside California: to Utah, New Mexico, Baja California
Flowering time: Mar–May

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