TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves generally cauline, generally simple, generally alternate, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: panicle, raceme, spike, or flowers solitary in axils, generally open; bracts leaf-like or not
Flower: bisexual, radial or bilateral, sometimes inverted (pedicel twisted 180°; hypanthium generally present, ± fused to ovary; sepals generally 5; corolla radial to 2-lipped, generally fused (tube sometimes split down back), lobes generally 5; stamens 5, free or ± fused (anthers and filaments fused into tube or filaments fused above middle); ovary inferior, sometimes half inferior, chambers 13, placentas axile or parietal, ovules many, style generally 1, 25-branched
Fruit: generally capsule, dehiscing on sides or at tip by pores or short valves
Seeds many
Genera in family: ± 70 genera, ± 2000 species: worldwide. Some cultivated for ornamental (Campanula, Jasione, Lobelia ). Subfamilies sometimes treated as different families.
Perennial, glabrous or hairy
Leaves mostly basal or all cauline, 0.51.5 cm wide, linear-lanceolate to elliptic, sessile; margin with small, gland-tipped teeth
Inflorescence: raceme
Flower inverted in full bloom by twisted pedicel; corolla red or blue, rarely white, tube entire or with an upper sinus, limb strongly 2-lipped, 2 lobes of upper lip < 3 of lower; stamens fused, generally 2 smaller anthers each with terminal tuft of bristles, 1 sometimes triangular or horn-like, others linear, shorter; ovary ± spheric, chambers 2, placentas 2, axile
Fruit dehiscent by 2 valves at tip
Species in genus: ± 350 species: ± worldwide
Etymology: (Matthias de l'Obel, Flemish botanist, 15381616)
Fl part positions (upper, next to stem; lower, away from stem) given at full bloom.
Native |
Stem erect, 420 dm, < 1.5 cm diam, purple-red
Flower: corolla red, rarely white, glabrous, tube 1520 mm, from upper sinus to base; anther tube 3.54.5 mm, triangular bristle at tips of 2 shorter anthers 0
Chromosomes: n=7
Ecology: Stream bottoms
Elevation: 4501600 m.
Bioregional distribution: San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, Peninsular Ranges, Desert Mountains (Panamint Mtns)
Distribution outside California: to w Texas, Mexico
Flowering time: AugOct
Incl by McVaugh in subsp. graminea (Lam.) McVaugh, with 3 other vars. including var. multiflora (Paxton) McVaugh (plants with dense, short hairs throughout; leaves lanceolate to ovate, probably not in CA).Seriously TOXIC, especially when used as a home remedy
Horticultural information: TRY.