TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Annual to subshrub
Leaves generally basal and cauline, alternate, generally simple; stipules 0
Inflorescence: generally raceme
Flower bisexual; sepals 4, free; petals (0)4, free, generally white or yellow, often clawed; stamens generally (2,4)6, generally 4 long, 2 short; ovary 1, superior, chambers generally 2, septum membranous, connecting 2 parietal placentas, style 1, stigma simple or 2-lobed
Fruit: generally capsule ("silique") with 2 deciduous valves, sometimes breaking transversely or indehiscent
Seeds 1many per chamber
Genera in family: 300+ genera, 3000+ species: worldwide, especially cool regions; some cultivated for food (especially Brassica, Raphanus ) and ornamental
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include Capparaceae [Rodman et al. 1993 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 80:686699; Rollins 1993 Cruciferae of Continental North America. Stanford Univ Press]
Family description, key to genera by Robert A. Price.THLASPI
PENNY-CRESS
Annual, biennial, perennial herb; hairs simple, generally 0
Stem branched or not
Leaves simple, entire to dentate; basal ± petioled; cauline sessile, clasping stem
Flower: sepals green or purple-tinged, bases not sac-like; petals 12 X sepals, white to purplish
Fruit obcordate or obovate to round, flat perpendicular to septum, tip rounded or notched; valves keeled, often winged
Seeds 28 per chamber, ± striate; wing 0; embryonic root at edges of both cotyledons
Species in genus: ± 75 species: temp, generally n hemisphere
Etymology: (Greek: to crush shield, from flat fruit or perhaps use of crushed seeds as mustard)
Reference: [Holmgen 1971 Mem NY Bot Gard 21:1106]
Native T. montanum L. var. montanum
Perennial, ± glaucous; caudex branched or not
Stems 1many, 14 dm, rarely branched, slender
Leaves: basal many, 13 cm, oblong to (ob)ovate, ± entire, green to purplish, petioles 12 X blades; cauline sessile, 0.52 cm, entire or shallowly dentate, lobed at base, ± clasping stem
Inflorescence 28(25) cm, ± open
Flower: sepals 23.5 mm, green to purplish, margin membranous; petals spoon-shaped, white to purplish pink
Fruit 58(12) mm, 12 X longer than wide, obovate to obcordate; tip generally truncate or notched, rarely ± acute; wing 0; pedicel spreading to ± ascending; style 12 mm
Seeds 48, faintly striate
Chromosomes: 2n=28
Ecology: Talus, alluvial slopes, meadows
Elevation: < 2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Cascade Range, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Rocky Mtns, Mexico
Synonyms: T. glaucum Nelson var. hesperium Payson; T. fendleri A. Gray var. h. (Payson) C.L. Hitchc
Horticultural information: DRN, IRR, SUN: 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21; DFCLT.
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