| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Tree, shrub, monoecious
Stem: trunk < 35 m; bark ± smooth; lenticels present
Leaves simple, alternate, petioled, deciduous; stipules deciduous; blade ovate to elliptic, generally serrate, ± doubly so
Inflorescence: catkin, generally appearing before leaves, often clustered; bracts each subtending 2–3 flowers and 3–6 bractlets
Staminate inflorescence pendent, ± elongate
Pistillate inflorescence pendent or erect, developing variously in fruit (see key to genera)
Staminate flower: sepals 0–4, minute; petals 0; stamens 1–10; pistil vestigial or 0
Pistillate flower: sepals 0–4; petals 0; stamens 0; pistil 1, ovary inferior, chambers 2, each 1-ovuled, stigmas 2
Fruit: nut or nutlet, sometimes winged, subtended or enclosed by 1–2 bracts
Genera in family: 6 genera, 105 species: generally n hemisphere; some cultivated.
Shrub, small tree
Stem: trunk < 6 m; bark smooth or scaly, dark brown; twigs glandular-hairy, becoming glabrous, brown; lenticels small; winter buds ciliate
Leaf hairy; blade 4–10 cm, oblong to ovate, base obliquely cordate
Staminate inflorescence 4–7 cm; bracts each subtending 3 flowers and 3 bractlets
Pistillate inflorescence < 1 cm, appearing as terminal bud; bracts each subtending 2 flowers and 6 bractlets
Staminate flower: sepals 0; stamens 4
Pistillate flower: sepals 4; stigmas showy, red
Fruit 2–3 cm, not winged, 1–2 per catkin, each enclosed in a papery involucre of 2 fused bracts
Species in genus: 15 species: n hemisphere
Etymology: (Latin: hazelnut, filbert)
Flexible stems used in basket-making; some cultivated as food crop.