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PINACEAE

PINE FAMILY

James R. Griffin

Tree or shrub, monoecious, evergreen
Stem: young crown conic; twig not grooved, resinous, generally persistent
Leaves simple, generally alternate, sometimes in bundles or appearing ± 2-ranked, linear or awl-like; bases decurrent, sometimes woody, persistent several years
Pollen cone generally < 6 cm, not woody, deciduous
Seed cone generally woody; bracts, scales generally persistent; scale not peltate, fused to or free from subtending bract
Seeds 2, on upper side of scale base
Genera in family: 10 genera, 193 species: mostly n hemisphere; many of great commercial value, supplying > half of world's timber
Reference: [Price 1989 J Arnold Arbor 70:247–305]

PINUS

PINE


Stem: young crown conic, mature crown often rounded or flat; branches ± whorled in young plants; young bark smooth, mature bark furrowed; bud ± conic, generally resinous
Leaves generally 2.5–35 cm, generally sessile, in bundles of 1–5; bundles solitary in axils of alternate, awl-like bracts, each bundle enclosed at base in a sometimes deciduous sheath of bracts, generally persistent several seasons
Seed cones often whorled, generally maturing and opening 2nd season, sometimes persistent on stem; stalk 0 or < 16 cm; bract included, fused to scale, minute; scale tip reflexed and elongated 3–7 cm, or often with a rounded or angled, often prickled knob < 3 cm
Seed: coat hard, sometimes woody
Chromosomes: 2n=24 for all reports
Species in genus: 94 species: n hemisphere
Etymology: (Latin: pine)
Reference: [Millar & Critchfield 1988 Madroño 35:39–53]

Native

P. balfouriana Grev. & Balf.

FOXTAIL PINE


Stem: trunk generally single, < 22 m, < 2.6 m wide; mature crown branches short, thick
Leaves 5 per bundle, 1.5–4 cm, curved, stiff; outer surface ± green, inner white; tip acute, sharp to touch; sheath deciduous
Seed cone pendent, 6–19 cm, ovoid; stalk 7–16 mm; scale tip knobs < 1 mm, angled, with very small prickles
Seed < wing
Ecology: Subalpine forest
Elevation: 2100–3700 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, s High Sierra Nevada.

Native

subsp. austrina R.J. Mastrog. & J.D. Mastrog.


Stem: mature bark thick, reddish brown, in ± square plates
Leaves ± yellow-green, persisting < 30 years
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: 2700–3700 m.
Bioregional distribution: s High Sierra Nevada.In some ways more like P. longaeva than subsp. balfouriana
Horticultural information: DRN: 1 &SHD, IRR: 2, 3, 7; DFCLT.

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