TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

CUPRESSACEAE

CYPRESS FAMILY

Jim A. Bartel

Shrub, tree, evergreen, monoecious or dioecious
Leaves cauline, opposite and 4-ranked or whorled in 3's and 6-ranked, generally scale-like, decurrent, completely covering young stems
Pollen cone small, axillary or terminal
Seed cone ± fleshy to woody, generally hard at maturity; scales opposite or whorled
Seeds 1–many per scale, generally angled or winged, generally wind-dispersed
Genera in family: 17 genera, ± 120 species: worldwide; all North America genera cultivated. [Elias 1980 Complete Trees North America] Juvenile leaves needle- or awl-like, sometimes present in ± mature plants, especially in response to grazing or infection, especially in Cupressus, Juniperus.

JUNIPERUS

JUNIPER

Shrub, tree, generally dioecious
Stem: bark thin, peeling in strips; young shoots 4-angled to cylindric
Leaves opposite and 4-ranked or whorled in 3's and 6-ranked, scale-like to less often awl- or needle-like
Pollen cone: pollen sacs 2–6 per scale
Seed cone 5–18 mm, ± fleshy, berry-like, glaucous or not, dry or resinous, sweet, formed by fusion of scales, ± spheric, surrounded at base by minute scale-like bracts, generally maturing 2nd year; scales 3–8, opposite or whorled in 3's
Seeds 1–3(12) per cone, ± flat, unwinged, often not angled, generally animal-dispersed over 2 years; cotyledons 2–6
Species in genus: ± 60 species: n hemisphere
Etymology: (Latin: juniper)
Reference: [Vasek 1966 Brittonia 18:350–372]

Native

J. occidentalis Hook.

Tree 5–15 m
Stem: bark brown to red-brown
Leaves opposite and 4-ranked or whorled in 3's and 6-ranked, closely appressed, scale-like
Pollen cone 2–3 mm, oblong
Seed cone 5–12 mm, blue-green maturing blue-black, resinous
Seeds 2–3 per cone, 6 mm, ovoid, acute, grooved or pitted
Chromosomes: 2n=22
Ecology: Dry slopes, flats, forests, woodlands
Elevation: 100–3100 m.
Bioregional distribution: High North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Idaho, w Nevada

Native

var. australis (Vasek) A.H. Holmgren & N.H. Holmgren

SIERRA JUNIPER

Generally dioecious
Stem: bark red-brown
Leaves generally whorled in 3's, 6-ranked
Seed cone 5–9 mm
Seed: cotyledons 2–4
Ecology: Exposed, dry, rocky slopes, flats, forests, pinyon/juniper woodlands
Elevation: 100–3100 m.
Bioregional distribution: High North Coast Ranges, High Sierra Nevada, San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, East of Sierra Nevada, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: w Nevada
Horticultural information: DRN: 4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 17, 24 &IRR: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.