Common Name: PINK FAMILY Habit: Annual to perennial herb; rarely dioecious (Silene), taprooted or rhizome generally slender. Leaf: simple, generally opposite (subwhorled), entire, pairs at nodes often +- connected at bases; stipules generally 0; petiole generally 0. Inflorescence: generally cyme, generally open; flowers 1--many; involucre generally 0 (present in most Dianthus, Petrorhagia). Flower: generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium often present but obscure; sepals (4)5, +- free or fused into a tube, margins generally scarious, more so on inner 2 or not, tube generally not scarious, awns generally 0; petals (4)5 or 0, generally tapered to base (or with claw long, limb expanded), entire to 2--several-lobed, limb generally without scale-like appendages adaxially, generally without ear-like lobes at base; stamens generally 10, generally fertile, generally free, generally from ovary base; nectaries 0 or 5; ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, placentas basal or free-central, styles 2--5 with 0 branches or 1 with 2--3 branches. Fruit: capsule or utricle (rarely +- dehiscent), generally sessile. Seed: appendage generally 0 (present in Moehringia). Genera In Family: +- 100 genera, 3000 species: widespread, especially arctic, alpine, temperate northern hemisphere; some cultivated (Agrostemma, Arenaria, Atocion, Cerastium, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Lychnis, Sagina, Saponaria, Silene). Note: Apetalous Caryophyllaceae can also be keyed in Rabeler & Hartman 2005 FNANM 5:5--8. Taxa of Minuartia in TJM2 treated here in Cherleria and Sabulina; Pseudostellaria in Hartmaniella and Torreyostellaria; Vaccaria in Gypsophila; Velezia in Dianthus. eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald L. Hartman (deceased) & Richard K. Rabeler, except as noted Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin & Thomas J. Rosatti.
Habit: Annual, biennial, prostrate to erect, taprooted. Leaf: blade needle-like; vein 1. Inflorescence: axillary, dense; flowers 1--5, +- sessile. Flower: hypanthium widely obovate to urn-shaped, abruptly expanded distally, in fruit hard; sepals 5, free, 1.5--4 mm, narrowly triangular to awl-shaped, glabrous, margin thinly scarious; petals 0; stamens 2--10, on hypanthium rim; styles 2. Fruit: utricle, ovoid. Seed: 1. Etymology: (Greek: hard flower, from hypanthium in fruit) eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald L. Hartman (deceased) & Richard K. Rabeler Reference: Thieret & Rabeler 2005 FNANM 5:149--151
Scleranthus annuus L. subsp. annuus
NATURALIZED Stem: prostrate to erect, much-branched, generally 4--20 cm, rigid; hairs +- in lines, fine, recurved. Leaf: 4--20+ mm; sheath scarious, ciliate; tip sharp-pointed. Inflorescence: 3--15 mm diam. Flower: 3--4.2 mm; hypanthium 10-ribbed; sepals narrowly triangular to awl-shaped, erect to spreading; styles +- 0.8--1 mm. Seed: 1.4--1.6 mm, widely ovoid, tan except red crescent near acute tip. Chromosomes: 2n=44. Ecology: Meadows, stream margins, serpentine areas, disturbed areas; Elevation: 300--1200 m. Bioregional Distribution: KR, NCoRO, NCoRH, CaR, n SN, c SNF, PR; Distribution Outside California: to British Columbia, Saskatchewan, eastern North America; native to Europe. Flowering Time: All year Unabridged Note: 7 other subspecies, native to Europe, western Asia, northern Africa. Jepson eFlora Author: Ronald L. Hartman (deceased) & Richard K. Rabeler Reference: Thieret & Rabeler 2005 FNANM 5:149--151 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Scleranthus Next taxon: Scopulophila
Botanical illustration including Scleranthus annuus subsp. annuus
Citation for this treatment: Ronald L. Hartman (deceased) & Richard K. Rabeler 2012, Scleranthus annuus subsp. annuus, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=77174, accessed on April 18, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 18, 2024.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).