Common Name: WATERLEAF FAMILY
Habit: Annual, perennial herb, generally hairy, generally taprooted. Stem: prostrate to erect. Leaf: simple to pinnately compound, basal or cauline, alternate or opposite; stipules 0. Inflorescence: cyme, generally raceme-like and coiled, or flowers 1. Flower: bisexual, generally radial; calyx lobes generally 5, generally fused at base, generally persistent, enlarging in fruit; corolla rotate to cylindric, generally deciduous, lobes generally 5, appendages in pairs on tube between filaments or 0; stamens generally 5, epipetalous, filament base sometimes appendaged, appendages scale-like; ovary generally superior, chambers 1 or 2, placentas 2, parietal, enlarged into chamber, sometimes meeting so ovary appears 2--5-chambered, style 1, style branches 2, stigmas generally head-like. Fruit: capsule, generally loculicidal; valves generally 2.
Genera In Family: 12 genera, 240--260 species: especially western US; some cultivated (Emmenanthe, Nemophila, Phacelia). Note: Included in Boraginaceae in TJM2 and some other treatments (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV 2016 Bot J Linn Soc 181:1--20) but treated as separate family (excluding Namaceae) by Boraginales Working Group (Luebert et al. 2016).
eFlora Treatment Author: Genevieve K. Walden, Robert W. Patterson & Richard R. Halse, except as specified
Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin

Habit: Annual, glandular, sticky, odorous. Stem: erect, much-branched. Leaf: 1--3-pinnate-lobed; proximal cauline opposite, petioled, distal alternate, smaller, sessile, clasping; petioles generally narrow-winged, ciliate. Inflorescence: terminal, sometimes also axillary, cymes simple or +- paniculate, few- to many-flowered, sometimes flowers 1 in leaf axils; pedicels 0 or short, elongate in fruit, +- ascending to erect in flower, erect to nodding in fruit, short- to long-hairy, minute- to short-glandular. Flower: calyx lobes equal in size, alike in shape, oblong to obovate or ovate; corolla bell-shaped, white, yellow, pink, or purple, dark-marked or veined; corolla scales reduced or 0; nectary glands reduced as V-shaped transverse fold between each pair of filaments below throat or 0; stamens included, equal, equally attached, filaments not widened at base, not appendaged, not winged; ovary chamber appearing 4 or 5, ovules on both sides of placenta, style 1, included, shallowly 2-lobed. Fruit: ovoid to spheric, terete or +- compressed, short- to long-hairy, minute- to short-glandular, generally exceeded by calyx. Seed: outer readily shed and inner persistent in capsule, 5--15(24), brown or black, all alike in shape or not, ellipsoid or ovoid to oblong or curved-oblong, +- compressed to cylindric, surface minutely or coarsely net-like pitted or corrugated; attached fleshy structure 0.
Etymology: Greek: well hidden, from seeds
eFlora Treatment Author: Genevieve K. Walden, Robert W. Patterson & Richard R. Halse
Unabridged Reference: Constance 1938 Lloydia 1:143--152; Ferguson 1999 Syst Bot 23:253--268; Walden 2015 Systematics of Emmenanthe, Eucrypta, and Phacelia sect. Ramosissimae (Hydrophyllaceae; Boraginales) Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ CA Berkeley

Habit: Plants 5--40(50) cm. Stem: erect to spreading, < 9 dm. Leaf: proximal 2--10 cm, 1--5 cm wide, petioles < 1/2 blade, widened, clasping, blade oblong to wide-ovate, 2--3-pinnate-lobed, lobes obtuse, distal leaves smaller, narrower, less lobed, bases clasping. Inflorescence: (1)4--15-flowered cymes; pedicels ascending to +- erect in flower, spreading to nodding in fruit, short- to long-hairy, minute-glandular. Flower: calyx lobes spreading, 2--4 mm, 1--3 mm wide in flower, 2--5 mm, 2--4 mm wide in fruit, not enclosing fruit, oblong or ovate, clear- or golden-glandular; corolla 2--6 mm, exceeding or +- = calyx, white or blue-purple, tube yellow, dark-marked or veined, limb 2--8 mm diam; corolla scales reduced; nectary glands 0; stamens 1.5--4 mm; style 0.5--3 mm. Fruit: 2--4 diam. Seed: 5--8, 0.8--1.5 mm, light- to dark-brown, not alike in shape, of 2 kinds, inner persistent, 1--1.5 mm, ellipsoid or oblong-ovoid, +- compressed or semi-cylindric, minutely net-like pitted, appearing +- smooth, outer readily deciduous, 0.8--1 mm, oblong-ovoid, cylindric, minutely net-like pitted and corrugated, wrinkled or coarsely tubercled at maturity.