Common Name: BIRCH FAMILY Habit: Shrub, tree; monoecious. Stem: trunk < 35 m; bark smooth to scaly, peeling in thin layers or not, lenticels present or not. Leaf: simple, alternate, petioled, deciduous; stipules deciduous; blade ovate to elliptic, generally serrate, generally +- doubly so. Inflorescence: catkin, generally appearing before leaves, often clustered; bracts each subtending 2--3 flowers, 3--6 bractlets. Staminate Inflorescence: pendent, +- elongate. Pistillate Inflorescence: pendent or erect, developing variously in fruit (see key to genera). Staminate Flower: sepals 0--4, minute; petals 0; stamens 1--10; pistil vestigial or 0. Pistillate Flower: sepals 0--4; petals 0; stamens 0; pistil 1, ovary inferior or superior, chambers 2, each 1-ovuled by abortion, stigmas 2. Fruit: achene, nut, winged or not, subtended or enclosed by 1--2 bracts. Genera In Family: 6 genera, 155 species: generally northern hemisphere; some cultivated. eFlora Treatment Author: John O. Sawyer, Jr. Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Common Name: HAZELNUT Habit: Shrub, small tree. Stem: trunk < 6 m; bark smooth or scaly, dark brown; twigs glandular-hairy, becoming glabrous, brown; lenticels small; winter buds ciliate. Leaf: hairy; blade 4--10 cm, oblong to ovate, base oblique-cordate. Staminate Inflorescence: 4--7 cm; bracts each subtending 3 flowers, 3 bractlets. Pistillate Inflorescence: < 1 cm, appearing as terminal bud; bracts each subtending 2 flowers, 6 bractlets. Staminate Flower: sepals 0; stamens 4. Pistillate Flower: sepals 4; stigmas showy, red. Fruit: 1--2 per catkin, each enclosed in a papery involucre of 2 fused bracts, not winged. Etymology: (Latin: hazelnut, filbert) Note: Flexible stems used in basket-making; some cultivated as food crop. Reference: Furlow 1997 Syst Bot 26:283--298
Corylus cornuta Marshall subsp. californica (A. DC.) E. Murray
NATIVE Stem: trunks < 4 m. Leaf: petiole 5--10 mm; blade +- velvety-hairy, base cordate, tip acute to acuminate. Fruit: 2--3 cm, involucre vase-shaped. Ecology: Common. Many habitats, especially moist, shady places; Elevation: < 2100 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW, CaR, SN, CCo, SnFrB; Distribution Outside California: to British Columbia. Flowering Time: Jan--Mar Synonyms: Corylus californica (A.DC.) Rose; Corylus cornuta var. californica (A.DC.) Sharp; Corylus rostrata Aiton var. tracyi Jeps. Jepson eFlora Author: John O. Sawyer, Jr. Reference: Furlow 1997 Syst Bot 26:283--298 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Corylus Next taxon: Bignoniaceae
Botanical illustration including Corylus cornuta subsp. californica
Citation for this treatment: John O. Sawyer, Jr. 2012, Corylus cornuta subsp. californica, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=80489, accessed on March 28, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on March 28, 2024.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).