|
|
|||||
| University of California, Berkeley | |||||
|
|||||
| Directory News Site Map Home | |||||
|
|||||
| Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Key to families | Table of families and genera |
|
Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
|
Annual, perennial herb, shrub, tree, often vine; sap generally milky.
Leaf: simple, alternate, opposite, subwhorled to whorled, entire; stipules 0 or small, finger-like.
Inflorescence: axillary or terminal, cyme, generally umbel- or raceme-like, or flowers 1–2.
Flower: bisexual, radial; perianth parts, especially petals, overlapped, twisted to right or left, at least in bud; sepals generally 5, fused at base, often reflexed, persistent; petals generally 5, fused in basal ± 1/2; stamens generally 5, attached to corolla tube or throat, alternate lobes, free or fused to form filament column and anther head, filament column then generally with 5 free or fused, ± elaborate appendages abaxially, pollen ± free or removed in pairs of pollinia; nectaries 0 or near ovaries, then 2 or 5[10], or in stigmatic chambers; ovaries 2, superior or ± so, free [ fused]; style tips, stigmas generally fused into massive pistil head.
Fruit: 1–2 follicles, ( capsule), [ berry, drupe].
Seed: many, often with tuft of hairs at 1 or both ends.
200–450 genera, 3000–5000 species: all continents, especially tropical, subtropical South America, s Africa; many ornamental (including Asclepias, Hoya, Nerium, Plumeria, Stapelia); cardiac glycosides, produced by some members formerly treated in Asclepiadaceae, used as arrow poisons, in medicine to control heart function, and by various insects for defense. [Fishbein 2001 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 88:603–623] Asclepiadaceae ("asclepiads"), although monophyletic, included in Apocynaceae because otherwise the latter is paraphyletic. Complexity of floral structure, variation in asclepiads arguably greatest among all angiosperms. Pattern of carpel fusion (carpels free in ovule-bearing region, fused above), present ± throughout Apocynaceae (in broad sense), nearly unknown in other angiosperms. Base chromosome number generally 11; abundance of latex, generally small size of chromosomes evidently have impeded cytological investigations. —Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin.
Unabridged references: [Civeyrel et al. 1998 Molec Phylogen Evol 9:517–527; Rosatti 1989 J Arnold Arbor 70:307–401]
Perennial.
Stem: twining.
Leaf: opposite; blade cordate, hastate, or ovate.
Inflorescence: at nodes, raceme- or panicle-like cyme.
Flower: sepals large, leaf-like, ± erect; corolla ± erect ( exceeding stamens, pistils), ring of tissue at base 0; filament column appendages free, attached to base of filament column and base of corolla, without projections, margins converging but not nearly meeting abaxially, anthers fused into anther head around and fused to pistil head, pollen in pollinia; nectaries in stigmatic chambers.
Fruit: pendent, generally ovoid, with coarse longitudinal grooves.
5 species: South America. (António de Araújo de Azevedo, Portuguese statesman, 1752–1817) [Forster & Bruyns 2001 Taxon 41:746–749]
Unabridged references: [Liede-Schumann & Meve 2006 http://www.uni-bayreuth.de/departments/planta2/research/databases/delta_as/www/araujia.htm; Spellman & Gunn 1976 Castanea 41:139–148]
Previous taxon: Apocynum cannabinum
Next taxon: Araujia sericifera
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
Copyright © 2012 Regents of the University of California
We encourage links to these pages, but the content may not be downloaded for reposting, repackaging, redistributing, or sale in any form, without written permission from The Jepson Herbarium.
| Bioregions in which taxon occurs | Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues. |
|
|
|
|
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates. | Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
View all CCH records
|