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PONTEDERIACEAE PICKEREL-WEED FAMILY

Charles N. Horn & Elizabeth McClintock

Annual, perennial herb, submersed, emergent, floating, or on wet ground.
Leaf: simple, alternate or whorled, ± in basal rosette or not; blade linear (especially underwater) to round, sometimes sagittate or cordate, base generally sheathing, veins parallel; petiole inflated or not.
Inflorescence: raceme, spike, panicle, or 1-flowered, terminal but often appearing ± axillary, subtended by sheathing bract.
Flower: bisexual, radial or ± bilateral; perianth lobes 6 (in 2 series) [3,4], petal-like; stamens 3, 6 (in 2 series) [1,4], from various levels on perianth tube, equal or not, sometimes 3 sterile, modified; ovary superior, 1 or 3-chambered.
Fruit: many-seeded, loculicidal capsule [1-seeded utricle].
Seed: < 1 cm, longitudinally ribbed [or not].
± 6 genera, 30 species: most pantropical, some temperate. [Horn 2003 FNANM 26:22–45] Some cultivated as orns, some weeds, especially in rice fields. Pontederia cordata L. <Noxious weed> establishes from garden waste. —Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Unabridged references: [Eckenwalder, J.E. and S.C.H. Barrett. 1986. Phylogenetic systematics of Pontederiaceae. Syst. Bot. 11: 373–391.]

Key to Pontederiaceae

HETERANTHERA MUD PLANTAIN
Annual, perennial herb, generally submersed, emergent, or on wet ground.
Stem: ± erect, slender, elongate, ± spreading, rooting at nodes or stout.
Leaf: alternate, linear, sessile, or ± in basal rosettes, ± ovate [ cordate, reniform]; petiole 0 or not inflated, generally > blade.
Inflorescence: generally 1-flowered.
Flower: ± radial or bilateral; perianth salverform, lobes 6; stamens 3, alike or of 2 sizes, shapes, anthers coiled or not; ovary 1-chambered.
± 12 species: tropics, temperate America, Africa. (Greek: different, anther, from unequal anthers of most species) Fls developed underwater generally cleistogamous; Heteranthera rotundifolia (Kunth) Griseb. (flowers peduncled; leaves generally not in basal rosette; closely related to Heteranthera limosa) a weed in rice fields in Butte, Yuba cos., possibly elsewhere.

Key to Heteranthera

Previous taxon: Eichhornia crassipes
Next taxon: Heteranthera dubia

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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map of distribution 1

Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records.
Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.
Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
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