Jepson Herbarium
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Annual to perennial herb (to tree).
Leaf: cauline or basal, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous.
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers 1 in axils; bracted.
Flower: generally bisexual, generally radial, often opening at either dawn or dusk; hypanthium generally prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals 4(2–7); petals 4(2–7, rarely 0), often fading darker; stamens 2 × or = sepals in number, anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally as many as sepals (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, spheric, or hemispheric.
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like).
Seed: sometimes winged or hair-tufted.
22 genera, ± 657 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Oenothera). [Wagner et al. 2007 Syst Bot Monogr 83:1–240] Gaura moved to Oenothera. Fuchsia magellanica Lam. naturalized in n CA. —Scientific Editors: Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Unabridged references: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1–278]

Key to Onagraceae

Annual to perennial herb, generally from taproot, occasionally rhizomed.
Leaf: basal or cauline, alternate, generally pinnately toothed to lobed, generally sessile.
Inflorescence: spike, raceme-like, or flowers in axils of distal, reduced leaves.
Flower: radial or (sect. Gaura) bilateral, generally opening at dusk; sepals 4, reflexed in flower (sometimes 2–3 remaining adherent); petals 4, yellow, white, rose, or ± purple, generally fading ± orange to ± purple, tip notched or toothed; stamens 8, filaments sometimes (sect. Gaura) with paired teeth at base, anthers attached at middle; ovary chambers 4, stigma generally deeply lobed, generally > anthers and cross-pollinated (or ± = anthers and self-pollinated).
Fruit: generally dehiscent, cylindric to ovoid or obovoid, cylindric to 4-winged or -angled, straight to curved, generally sessile (base sometimes seedless, stalk-like).
Seed: in generally 2(1–3) rows per chamber, or clustered or reduced to 1–4 per fruit.
145 species: Am, some widely naturalized. (Greek: wine-scented) [Wagner et al. 2007 Syst Bot Monogr 83:1–240]
Unabridged references: [Raven & Gregory 1972 Mem Torrey Bot Club 23:1–96; Dietrich & Wagner 1988 Syst Bot Monogr 24:1–91]
Unabridged note: Many species self-pollinated; some of these have chromosome peculiarities (ring of 14 in meiosis) and ± 50% pollen fertility; they yield genetically identical offspring.

Perennial, rosetted; caudex woody, new shoots generally from lateral roots; hairs glandular and occasionally also coarse and nonglandular.
Stem: sprawling, < 2 dm, or ± 0.
Leaf: 1.7–36 cm, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, generally irregularly dentate to lobed.
Inflorescence: flowers in axils.
Flower: sepals 16–50 mm, tips in bud not free; petals 16–56 mm, white.
Fruit: 4–9 mm wide, cylindric to elliptic-ovate, tubercled.
Seed: obovate to ± triangular, papillate or netted, 1 side with a cavity sealed by a depressed, generally splitting membrane.
2n=14,28. [Oenothera caespitosa, orth. var.] Cross-pollinated. 5 intergrading subspp., 2 in CA. [Online Interchange]

Plant loosely cespitose.
Flower: hypanthium 65–165 mm; petals fading lavender to pink.
Fruit: 25–68 mm, cylindric, ± straight; stalk-like base 0–55 mm.
Seed: 2.2–3.4 mm; cavity margin entire.
Rocky or sandy sites in granite, limestone, or sandstone soils, pinyon/juniper woodland to pine forest; < 2400 m. Great Basin Floristic Province, Desert;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.