Jepson Herbarium
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Perennial from membranous bulb or scaly rhizome.
Stem: underground or erect, branched or not.
Leaf: basal or cauline, alternate, subopposite, or whorled.
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, ± umbel-like or not.
Flower: perianth parts 6 in 2 generally petal-like whorls, often showy; stamens 3 or 6, filaments free or ± fused to perianth, anthers attached at base or near middle; ovary superior or ± so, style 1, entire or 3-lobed.
Fruit: capsule or berry.
Seed: 3–many, flat or angled, brown to black.
16 genera, 635 species: n temperate. Users strongly encouraged to protect plants by working around need to see underground parts in using keys, e.g., by trying both leads in couplets solely dependent on such characters. Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. an historical waif in CA. Other TJM (1993) taxa moved to Agavaceae (Agave, Camassia, Chlorogalum, Hastingsia, Hesperocallis, Hesperoyucca, Leucocrinum, Yucca), Alliaceae (Allium, Ipheion, Nothoscordum), Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis, Narcissus, Pancratium), Asparagaceae (Asparagus), Asphodelaceae (Aloe, Asphodelus, Kniphofia), Melanthiaceae (Pseudotrillium, Stenanthium, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Veratrum, Xerophyllum), Nartheciaceae (Narthecium), Ruscaceae (Maianthemum, Nolina), Smilacaceae (Smilax), Tecophilaeaceae (Odontostomum), Themidaceae (Androstephium, Bloomeria, Brodiaea, Dichelostemma, Muilla, Triteleia), and Tofieldiaceae (Triantha). North America species of Disporum now in Prosartes. —Scientific Editors: Dale W. McNeal, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Key to Liliaceae

Plant from bulb-like, scaly rhizomes (called bulbs here for brevity), generally not clonal, ± glabrous; bulb scale segments 2–many, if segmented.
Stem: erect.
Leaf: > 12, ± whorled (often some alternate), sessile, spreading with drooping tips to ascending, generally ± elliptic; veins generally 3; stipule 0.
Inflorescence: flowers axillary, 1–40+; bracts generally 2 per flower.
Flower: generally radial, generally bell- or funnel-shaped; perianth parts 6 in 2 petal-like whorls, ± lanceolate, base narrowed, generally red-purple-spotted adaxially; stamens 6, anthers attached at middle (measures are after dehiscence); style 1, stigma 3-lobed.
Fruit: capsule, erect, generally ± smooth, loculicidal.
Seed: many, flat, in 6 stacks.
n=12.
± 100 species: n temperate, tropical mountains of eastern Asia. (Greek: lily) Variable, hybridization common. Many species declining from habitat destruction, collecting; few thrive in gardens. Generally flowers May–Aug.
Unabridged references: [Skinner 1988 Ph.D. Dissertation Harvard Univ]

Plant < 2.8 m, ± clonal; bulb spreading-elongate, often branched, scales (1)2–4-segmented, longest 1–3.3 cm.
Leaf: alternate or in 1–8 whorls, 4–27 cm, generally ± elliptic; margin generally not wavy.
Inflorescence: flowers 1–28(35), pendent.
Flower: ± widely bell-shaped, generally not fragrant; perianth parts 3.4–10.4 cm, reflexed in distal 67–75%, generally ± 2-toned, adaxially generally pale orange to red on distal 25–60%, lighter near base, with maroon spots near tip margined yellow or orange, abaxially paler and green on basal ± 20%; stamens > or >> perianth, filaments ± widely diverging, anthers 6–2.2 mm, ± magenta to orange or yellow, turning darker, pollen red-brown to yellow, turning lighter; pistil 3–8 cm.
Fruit: 2.3–6 cm. [Online Interchange]

Plant < 2 m, moderately clonal; bulb scales (1)2-segmented.
Leaf: whorled.
Flower: perianth parts 4.9–7.1 cm, 2-toned, tips darker; anthers 6–11 mm, magenta, pollen red- or brown-orange; pistil 3.4–4.6 cm.
Marshes, valley-oak scrub; 35–60 m. s Outer North Coast Ranges (Pitkin Marsh, Sonoma Co.).

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.