Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Annual to shrub, some aquatic.
Leaf: basal or cauline, alternate or opposite ( whorled), simple, entire to dentate or lobed, venation generally pinnate; stipules 0.
Inflorescence: raceme, spike, or flowers axillary in 1–few-flowered clusters; flowers few to many, each subtended by 1 bract.
Flower: unisexual or bisexual, radial or bilateral; sepals 4–5, generally fused at base; corolla 4–5-lobed, scarious or not, persistent or not, generally 2-lipped, upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower generally 3-lobed, spur present or not, tube sac-like at base or not; stamens 2 or 4, alternate corolla lobes, epipetalous, staminode 0 or 1–2, anthers opening by 2 slits; ovary superior, [1]2–4-chambered, style 1, stigma lobes 0 or 2.
Fruit: generally a capsule, septicidal, loculicidal, circumscissile, or dehiscing by terminal slits or pores.
110 genera, ± 2000 species: worldwide, especially temperate. [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553; Olmstead et al. 2001 Molec Phylogen Evol 16:96–112] Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al. Recently treated to include Callitrichaceae, Hippuridaceae, and most non-parasitic CA genera of Scrophulariaceae (except Buddleja, Limosella, Mimulus, Myoporum, Scrophularia, Verbascum). CA Maurandya moved to Holmgrenanthe and Maurandella. Limnophila ×ludoviciana Thieret an occasional agricultural weed in rice fields. Hebe ×franciscana (Eastw.) Souster, Hebe speciosa (R. Cunn.) Andersen only cultivated. —Scientific Editors: Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.

Key to Plantaginaceae

Perennial to shrub.
Leaf: generally opposite, entire to toothed; distal sessile.
Inflorescence: panicle, raceme, cyme, or flowers in whorls; bracts generally small.
Flower: calyx lobes 5, ± equal; corolla tube ± cylindric or lower side expanded, ± 2-lipped, generally pink or blue to purple (some red, yellow, or white), upper lip 2-lobed, external in bud; stamens 4, filament bases glabrous, attached to corolla at different levels, anther sacs 2, valves generally spreading ± flat at dehiscence; staminode attached near base of corolla tube, well developed, generally hairy adaxially; nectaries 2, at bases of upper stamens; stigma unlobed.
Fruit: septicidal and sometimes also loculicidal at tip.
Seed: generally many, irregularly angled.
250 species: North America, especially w US. (Latin & Greek: almost thread, from stamen-like staminode) [Wolfe et al. 2006 Amer J Bot 93:1699–1713] Largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. Penstemon subglaber, Penstemon strictus may persist in SNH, from commercial wildflower seed mixes or plantings; both native to Rocky Mtns.
Unabridged references: [Holmgren 1984 In Cronquist et al. Intermountain Flora 4:370–457]

Subshrub 30–60 cm, much-branched proximally, generally wider than tall.
Stem: young stems glabrous, generally glaucous.
Leaf: thick, 25–65 mm; distal leaves ± narrowly lanceolate, (sub) entire, generally folded lengthwise or inrolled.
Inflorescence: glabrous.
Flower: corolla pale pink to ± white, limb sometimes ± lavender, strongly lined, floor shaggy-hairy; anther sacs 1.6–2.1 mm, dehiscing full length, valves barely spreading; staminode exserted, densely hairy. [Online Interchange]

Flower: calyx 4.5–6(6.5) mm, lobes widely ovate to ± round; corolla 24–28 mm, throat 10–14 mm wide when pressed, glabrous except on floor.
2n=16. Gravelly washes, canyon floors in creosote-bush scrub, pinyon/juniper woodland; 1200–1700 m. s East of Sierra Nevada, n Desert Mountains.

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.