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| Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Key to families | Table of families and genera |
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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Annual, perennial herb, shrub; often glandular; root-parasites, roots modified into absorptive structures.
Stem: generally round in ×-section.
Leaf: generally simple, generally alternate, reduced to ± fleshy scales in non-green plants lacking chlorophyll; stipules generally 0.
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils.
Flower: bisexual; calyx lobes 0–5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed), abaxial lobes outside other lobes in bud; stamens epipetalous, 4 in 2 pairs (sometimes 1 pair sterile), additional staminode 0(1), anther sacs unequal; ovary superior, chambers 1–2, placentas 2–4, parietal, style 1, stigma lobes 0 or 2.
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal, valves 2–4.
Seed: many, small, angled; surface smooth or netted.
99 genera, 2060 species: worldwide, especially n temperate and Africa. [Bennett & Matthews 2006 Amer J Bot 93:1039–1051] High yield losses in many crops caused by Orobanche species in Africa, Medit, Middle East, and e Europe. —Scientific Editors: Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Annual to subshrub, green.Key to Castilleja
Leaf: sessile, entire to dissected.
Inflorescence: spike-like; bracts becoming shorter, wider, more lobed than leaves, mature tips generally cream to red or green.
Flower: calyx unequally 4-lobed, colored like bract tips; corolla upper 2 lip lobes fused, beak-like, tip open, lower lip reduced, 3-toothed to -pouched; stamens 4, anther sacs 2, unequal; stigma entire to 2-lobed, generally exserted.
Fruit: ± asymmetric.
Seed: generally ± brown, attached at base; coat netted, net-like walls ladder-like or not.
± 200 species: especially w North America. (Domingo Castillejo, Spanish botanist, 1744–1793) [Tank & Olmstead 2008 Amer J Bot 95:608–625] Hybridization and polyploidy common. Biologically consistent taxa difficult to define. Castilleja chrymactis Pennell not in CA, sole (1947) record a misidentified, incomplete specimen.
Unabridged references: [Chuang & Heckard 1991 Syst Bot 16:644–666]
Perennial 15–60 cm, few-branched, green becoming ± purple, ± glabrous to bristly- puberulent, generally nonglandular.
Leaf: linear to lanceolate; lobes 0–5, tips ± rounded.
Inflorescence: 5–30 cm; bracts 17–25 mm, lobes 0–5.
Flower: calyx divided ± 1/3–1/2 abaxially and adaxially, ± 1/4–1/3 on sides, long-nonglandular- and short- glandular-hairy, lobes acute to obtuse, generally not curved upward; corolla beak ± 1–1.5 × tube, adaxially generally shaggy-hairy, margins ± red or ± yellow, lower lip 2–3 mm, green to dark purple; stigma slightly notched.
Fruit: 10–15 mm.
Seed: 1.5–2 mm; coat deeply netted, tight-fitting, most walls ladder-like. Many forms, some geog isolated; hybridizes with other species [Online Interchange]
Plant glabrous to sparsely puberulent.
Leaf: 30–80 mm, ± oblong, generally entire.
Inflorescence: generally 30–50 mm wide, bright red to orange-red; bract lobes obtuse.
Flower: calyx 20–25 mm, lobes obtuse; corolla 25–40 mm.
2n=120,144. Generally dry sea bluffs; < 160 m. n&c North Coast;
Previous taxon: Castilleja affinis subsp. affinis
Next taxon: Castilleja affinis subsp. neglecta
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
Copyright © 2012 Regents of the University of California
We encourage links to these pages, but the content may not be downloaded for reposting, repackaging, redistributing, or sale in any form, without written permission from The Jepson Herbarium.
| Bioregions in which taxon occurs | Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues. |
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Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates. | Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
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