Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Annual to tree, glandular or not.
Leaf: simple to palmately or pinnately compound, generally alternate; stipules free to fused (0), persistent to deciduous.
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, cluster, or flowers 1; bractlets on pedicel (" pedicel bractlets") generally 0–3(many), subtended by bract or generally not.
Flower: generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium free or fused to ovary, saucer- to funnel-shaped, subtending bractlets (" hypanthium bractlets") 0–5, alternate sepals; sepals generally 5; petals generally 5, free; stamens (0,1)5–many, anther pollen sacs generally 2; pistils (0)1–many, simple or compound, ovary superior to inferior, styles 1–5.
Fruit: 1–many per flower, achene ( fleshy-coated or not), follicle, drupe, or pome with generally papery core, occasionally drupe-like with 1–5 stones.
Seed: generally 1–5 (per fruit, not per flower).
110 genera, ± 3000 species: worldwide, especially temperate; many cultivated for ornamental, fruit, especially Cotoneaster, Fragaria, Malus, Prunus, Pyracantha, Rosa, Rubus. [Potter et al. 2007 Plant Syst Evol 266:5–43] Number of teeth is per leaf or leaflet, not per side of leaf or leaflet, except in Drymocallis. —Scientific Editors: Daniel Potter, Thomas J. Rosatti.
Unabridged references: [Robertson 1974 J Arnold Arbor 55:303–332, 344–401, 611–662]

Key to Rosaceae

Shrub, ± hairy.
Leaf: simple, alternate, toothed; stipules 0.
Inflorescence: raceme or panicle, terminal, many-flowered, persistent; pedicels slender, bractlets 1–3, linear.
Flower: hypanthium saucer-shaped, prominent nectary- disk below inner rim, bractlets 0; petals generally white; stamens 15–20; pistils 5, ovaries superior, 2-ovuled, hairs dense, bristle-like, persistent in fruit, style persistent, stigma ± 2-lobed.
Fruit: achenes 5.
3–5 species: w North America, C.Am, n South America. (Greek: whole disk)

Plant 0.3–6 m.
Stem: bark ± red, in age gray, shredding; twigs glabrous to hairy, occasionally glandular.
Leaf: 0.3–8 cm, ovate to obovate, strong-veined abaxially, glabrous to hairy, occasionally glandular, teeth entire to compound; base truncate to wedge-shaped; petiole distinct or not.
Inflorescence: 2–25 cm, 1.5–25 cm wide.
Flower: hypanthium 3–5 mm wide; sepals 1–2 mm; petals 1.5–2 mm; style 1 mm.
Fruit: achenes 1–1.5 mm, often with sessile glands. [Holodiscus saxicola A. Heller] Highly variable; vars. intergrade. [Online Interchange]
Unabridged note: Highly variable; vars. intergrade, especially. var. discolor and var. microphyllus. Intermediate plants from SNH, SNE, described as Holodiscus saxicola A. Heller, Holodiscus boursieri (Carrière) Rehder, do not merit taxonomic status.

Plant 1.5–6 m, ± open.
Stem: twigs hairy, glands 0.
Leaf: petiole 2–15 mm; blade 1.5–8 cm, ovate to elliptic, hairs sparse adaxially, dense abaxially, teeth toothed, base generally truncate to rounded.
Inflorescence: 5–25 cm, 5–25 cm wide; branches generally many.
Moist woodland edges, rocky slopes; < 3200 m. Northwestern California, High Sierra Nevada, Great Central Valley (Sutter Buttes), Central Western California, Channel Islands, Western Transverse Ranges, San Gabriel Mountains (300–1300 m), Peninsular Ranges;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.