Jepson Herbarium
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Perennial, glabrous; monoecious; rhizomes or stolons long; colonial, in wet soil to aquatic.
Stem: aerial stem 1, ± cylindric.
Leaf: basal and cauline, alternate, 2-ranked, spongy; sheath open; ligule 0; blade ± linear.
Inflorescence: spike-like or of spheric, unisexual heads; staminate flowers or heads distal to pistillate ones.
Flower: small, densely-packed.
Staminate flower: filaments fused proximally.
Pistillate flower: pistil 1, ovary superior, ovules 1–2(4).
Fruit: follicle, splitting in water, or drupe-like.
2 genera, ± 32 species: worldwide. —Scientific Editors: Douglas H. Goldman, Bruce G. Baldwin.

Key to Typhaceae

Plants generally submerged except inflorescence, or vegetative when all-submerged ( emergent to ± terrestrial); rhizomes, stolons slender.
Stem: unbranched proximal to inflorescence.
Leaf: blade flat to convex, 3-sided, or abaxially keeled.
Inflorescence: heads axillary and terminal, 2–60+; bracts leaf-like, distal reduced.
Staminate flower: stamens 2–8.
Pistillate flower: ovary chambers 1–2(4), stigmas generally 1(2–4).
Fruit: drupe-like, spongy; perianth parts attached, style and generally stigmas persistent as beak; floating, water-dispersed.
± 17 species: n temperate, w Pacific. (Probably Greek: swaddling band, for strap-shaped leaves) [Kaul 2000 FNANM 22:271–277] Fr head diam including fruit beaks; fruit body lengths except beak, stalk-like base; beak lengths incl stigmas.
Unabridged references: [Cook & Nicholls 1986 Bot Helv 96:213–267, 1987 Bot Helv 97:1–44]

Plants robust, erect, emergent to ± terrestrial, not aquatic, to ± 2.5 m.
Leaf: blades thick to thin, 3-angled proximally, flat or keeled distally.
Inflorescence: main axis branches (0)1–4, heads >= 2 per branch; staminate heads ± 10–60; pistillate heads (1)2–8, 1.5–3 cm diam in fruit.
Flower: perianth parts dark-thickened distally; stigmas > 1 on 5–100% of pistillate flowers, 3–4 mm.
Fruit: body 5–9 mm, 3–7 mm wide, obconic, 3–6-angled, base not stalk-like, tip ± truncate to hemispheric, beak 1–4 mm.
2n=30. Varieties intergrade where distributions overlap. [Online Interchange]
Unabridged note: Closely related to variable Old World Sparganium erectum sensu lato. Expanded author citation: Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex A. Gray

Plants to ± 1.5(2.5) m.
Leaf: firm; at least distal blades proximally thick, 3-angled.
Inflorescence: pistillate heads 2–3 cm diam in fruit.
Flower: stigmas 2(3–4) on ± (40)60–100% of pistillate flowers.
Fruit: body 8–9 mm, 5–7 mm wide, distally ± truncate to low- hemispheric.
Marshes, lakes, ponds, along streams; < 2400 m. North Coast, Outer North Coast Ranges, n High Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area, Modoc Plateau;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.