Jepson Herbarium
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Perennial from membranous bulb or scaly rhizome.
Stem: underground or erect, branched or not.
Leaf: basal or cauline, alternate, subopposite, or whorled.
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, ± umbel-like or not.
Flower: perianth parts 6 in 2 generally petal-like whorls, often showy; stamens 3 or 6, filaments free or ± fused to perianth, anthers attached at base or near middle; ovary superior or ± so, style 1, entire or 3-lobed.
Fruit: capsule or berry.
Seed: 3–many, flat or angled, brown to black.
16 genera, 635 species: n temperate. Users strongly encouraged to protect plants by working around need to see underground parts in using keys, e.g., by trying both leads in couplets solely dependent on such characters. Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. an historical waif in CA. Other TJM (1993) taxa moved to Agavaceae (Agave, Camassia, Chlorogalum, Hastingsia, Hesperocallis, Hesperoyucca, Leucocrinum, Yucca), Alliaceae (Allium, Ipheion, Nothoscordum), Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis, Narcissus, Pancratium), Asparagaceae (Asparagus), Asphodelaceae (Aloe, Asphodelus, Kniphofia), Melanthiaceae (Pseudotrillium, Stenanthium, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Veratrum, Xerophyllum), Nartheciaceae (Narthecium), Ruscaceae (Maianthemum, Nolina), Smilacaceae (Smilax), Tecophilaeaceae (Odontostomum), Themidaceae (Androstephium, Bloomeria, Brodiaea, Dichelostemma, Muilla, Triteleia), and Tofieldiaceae (Triantha). North America species of Disporum now in Prosartes. —Scientific Editors: Dale W. McNeal, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Key to Liliaceae

Rhizomes long.
Stem: simple or branched.
Leaf: cauline, alternate, oblong to ovate, acute to acuminate.
Inflorescence: flowers generally 1(2) in leaf axils, with sharp bend at juncture of peduncle, pedicel.
Flower: bell- to saucer-shaped; perianth parts 6, petal-like; stamens 6, filaments flat, anthers abruptly tipped; ovary superior, chambers 3, style 1, entire or 3-lobed.
Fruit: berry, ± green to dark red.
Seed: 3–15, elliptic, grooved or wrinkled.
7 species: North America, Eurasia. (Greek: twisted foot, from peduncles)

Rhizome thick; roots thick, fibrous.
Stem: 30–100 cm, much-branched, glabrous to densely hairy.
Leaf: ± sessile, 5–15 cm, 2–5 cm wide, entire or minute- dentate, ± glaucous below, base cordate, clasping.
Flower: 9–15 mm, bell-shaped; perianth parts narrowly lance- oblong, spreading to ± recurved at tips, white, tinged (yellow-)green, outer flat, inner ± keeled, ± narrower, clasping stamens; stamens 6, outer filaments ± 1 mm, inner 2–3 mm, anthers attached at base; ovary superior, chambers 3, style 1, 4–5 mm, thick, entire or 3-lobed.
Fruit: berry, 10–15 mm, yellow or red.
Seed: many, ± 3 mm, pale yellow, grooved.
n=16. Moist, shaded areas; 250–1700 m. Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, n High Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.