Jepson Herbarium
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Shrub, tree, evergreen; monoecious.
Stem: young crown conic; twig not grooved, resinous, generally persistent.
Leaf: simple, generally alternate, sometimes in bundles or appearing ± 2-ranked, linear or awl-like; base decurrent, woody or not, persistent several yrs.
Pollen cone: generally < 6 cm, not woody, deciduous.
Seed cone: generally woody; bracts, scales generally persistent; scale not peltate, fused to or free from subtending bract.
Seed: 2, on scale base adaxially.
10 genera, 193 species: generally n hemisphere; many of great commercial value, supplying > 1/2 of world's timber. —Scientific Editors: Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Unabridged references: [Thieret 1993 FNANM 2:352–398]

Key to Pinaceae

Stem: young crown conic, mature often rounded or flat; branches ± whorled in young plants; young bark smooth, mature furrowed; bud ± conic, generally resinous.
Leaf: generally 2.5–35 cm, generally sessile, in bundles of (1)2–5; bundles 1 in axils of alternate, awl-like bracts, base in a sometimes deciduous, scaly sheath of bracts, generally persistent several yrs.
Seed cone: often whorled, generally maturing, opening 2nd yr, persistent on stem or not; stalk 0 or < 16 cm; bract included, fused to scale at least basally, minute; scale tip reflexed, elongated 3–7 cm or often with a rounded or angled, often prickled knob < 3 cm.
Seed: coat hard, woody or not.
2n=24.
94 species: n hemisphere. (Latin: pine) Pinus pinea L., stone pine (leaves 2 per bundle, 10–30 cm; seed cone 8–15 cm, maturing in 3 yrs) cultivated in Eur for over 6000 yrs for edible seeds (pine nuts), reportedly naturalized in SnFrB, n ChI.
Unabridged references: [Millar & Critchfield 1988 Madroño 35:39–53]
Unabridged note: Morphological, genetic study of relationships among Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus ponderosa, and Pinus washoensis indicates that the taxa should be classified as 2 species, Pinus jeffreyi and Pinus ponderosa, and that the latter comprises three vars.: Pinus ponderosa var. pacifica (new taxon), Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa, and Pinus ponderosa var. washoensis (new combination).

Stem: trunk generally < 68 m, generally 2.2 m wide; branched in lower 1/2 when mature or not; mature bark furrows shallow, well spaced, forming plates, outer scales with ± yellow inner surfaces; mature crown short, conic or flat-topped; buds resinous, scales red-brown, dark-hairy.
Leaf: (2)3[5] per bundle, 12–26 cm, < 2 mm thick, ± or not glaucous, deep yellow-green; sheath persistent.
Seed cone: ± spreading or recurved, 7–15(18) cm, ovate to ± conic, when immature green-brown to dark purple; stalk < 2 cm, persistent with proximal scales; scales generally darker abaxially than adaxially, in open cone well separated to very crowded; knob prickles < 3 mm, straight or outcurved; bracts with light brown fringing hairs.
Seed: < wing. [Online Interchange]
Unabridged note: Because the neotype of Pinus ponderosa actually is a Washoe pine cone, a different name for Pacific Ponderosa pine would have been needed had the name Pinus ponderosa not been conserved with a different type by recent, special botanical legislation. There are Consortium records that, if verified, would voucher elevations up to 2666 m. The following (and possibly other) accessions, if verified, would represent range extensions (as indicated): UC400277, CAS217827, CAS297641, CAS779052, UC1713800, UC71713, DS61393, DS61394, DS212086, DS193954, DS99208, DS296484, UC711836, UC711837 (Wrn). Expanded author citation: Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson

Stem: mature bark generally medium to dark red- or yellow-brown.
Leaf: 14–26 cm, thick, gray-green, ± glaucous.
Seed cone: 7–12(15) cm, ovate to ± conic, when immature green-brown to dark purple, maturing closed cones ± green to dark purple; scales abaxially generally black, occasionally brown with black striations, in open cone ± separated.
Generally semi-arid plateaus, low mtns; 1200–1900 m. High Cascade Range, n High Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau;

Previous taxon: Pinus ponderosa var. pacifica
Next taxon: Pinus ponderosa var. washoensis

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.