Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Annual, perennial herb, shrub; often glandular; root-parasites, roots modified into absorptive structures.
Stem: generally round in ×-section.
Leaf: generally simple, generally alternate, reduced to ± fleshy scales in non-green plants lacking chlorophyll; stipules generally 0.
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils.
Flower: bisexual; calyx lobes 0–5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed), abaxial lobes outside other lobes in bud; stamens epipetalous, 4 in 2 pairs (sometimes 1 pair sterile), additional staminode 0(1), anther sacs unequal; ovary superior, chambers 1–2, placentas 2–4, parietal, style 1, stigma lobes 0 or 2.
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal, valves 2–4.
Seed: many, small, angled; surface smooth or netted.
99 genera, 2060 species: worldwide, especially n temperate and Africa. [Bennett & Matthews 2006 Amer J Bot 93:1039–1051] High yield losses in many crops caused by Orobanche species in Africa, Medit, Middle East, and e Europe. —Scientific Editors: Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.

Key to Orobanchaceae

Perennial, ± green.
Stem: decumbent to erect, generally 1–several from generally short caudex.
Leaf: alternate, generally ± basal, generally < inflorescence, toothed or generally > 7-lobed, generally reduced distally on stem; petiole generally < blade.
Inflorescence: raceme, spike-like; bracts (at least proximal) generally ± like distal leaves; pedicels 1–6 mm.
Flower: calyx lobes (2,4)5, distal-most generally shortest (all generally < tube), lateral fused in pairs; corolla white or yellow to red or purple, upper lip hood- or beak-like, curved or not, lower lip 3-lobed, narrow to fan-shaped, central lobe generally smallest; fertile stamens 4, generally glabrous, anthers generally included, sacs 2 per stamen, equal; stigma head-like, generally exserted.
Fruit: generally ± ovate or lanceolate in outline, asymmetric, opening mostly on upper side.
Seed: smooth or netted.
± 500 species: cool wet n temperate, circumboreal, South America. (Latin: lice, from belief that ingestion by stock promoted lice infestation) [Ree 2005 Int J Plant Sci 166:595–613]

Stem: 30–110 cm, sparsely hairy distally.
Leaf: ± ovate; segments singly to doubly toothed; basal leaves 8–25 cm, 5–21-segmented, petiole ± = blade, generally 0 at flower; cauline leaves 3–15 cm, proximal 13–25-segmented, distal dentate.
Inflorescence: 4–17 cm, > leaves, glabrous; proximal bracts > flowers.
Flower: calyx 7–13 mm, lobes minutely ciliate; corolla 15–24 mm, ± club-like, ± yellow, upper lip 8–10 mm, deeply hooded, lower lip 4–6 mm; anthers 1.5–3 mm, base acute to obtuse.
Fruit: 9–10 mm.
Seed: 2.5–3.5 mm, surface netted.
Moist upper montane conifer forest; 1200–2400 m. Klamath Ranges;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.