Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Annual to shrub, or non-green root parasite, generally bristly or sharp-hairy.
Stem: prostrate to erect.
Leaf: cauline, often with basal rosette, simple or compound, generally alternate.
Inflorescence: cymes, generally elongate, panicle-, raceme-, or spike-like, generally coiled in flower (often described as scorpioid), generally uncoiled in fruit, or heads, spikes, or panicles, or flowers 1–2 per axil.
Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals (4)5(10), fused at least at base, or free; corolla generally (4)5(10)-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages 0 or 5 at top of tube, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary superior, entire to 4-lobed, style 1(2), entire or 2-lobed or -branched.
Fruit: nutlets 1–4, free ( fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not, or valvate or circumscissile capsule.
± 120 genera, ± 2300 species: tropics, temperate, especially w North America, Medit; some cultivated (Borago, Heliotropium, Echium, Myosotis, Nemophila, Phacelia, Symphytum). Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. [Olmsted et al. 2000 Molec Phylogen Evol 16:96–112] Recently treated to include Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae. —Scientific Editors: Ronald B. Kelley, Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Key to Boraginaceae

Annual.
Stem: simple to branched, prostrate to erect, fleshy, brittle, angled or winged, glabrous to generally bristly (prickly).
Leaf: simple, cauline, lower generally opposite, upper opposite or alternate, generally reduced; petiole generally bristly- ciliate; blade pinnate-toothed or -lobed, generally bristly.
Inflorescence: flowers 1 in leaf axils or opposite leaves; pedicels longer in fruit, recurved.
Flower: calyx bell-shaped to rotate, sinuses generally with spreading or reflexed appendages; corolla bell-shaped to rotate, white, blue, or purple, spotted or marked or not; stamens included; ovary chamber 1, style 1, generally 1/3–1/2 forked.
Fruit: generally 2–7 mm wide, spheric to ovoid, hairy, generally enclosed by calyx.
Seed: ovoid, smooth, wrinkled or pitted, with a conic, colorless appendage at 1 end.
11 species: se US, w North America. (Greek: woodland-loving)
Unabridged references: [Constance 1941 Univ CA Publ Bot 19:341–398]

Leaf: opposite; lower 1–5 cm, blade = petiole, linear-oblong to ovate, lobes 5–13, obtuse, entire or 1–3-toothed; upper ± sessile, entire, toothed, or less lobed than lower.
Inflorescence: pedicels 20–60 mm, < 70 mm in fruit.
Flower: calyx lobes 4–8 mm, appendages 1–4 mm in fruit; corolla 5–20 mm, 6–40 mm wide, bowl-shaped to rotate, bright blue with white center to white, generally blue-veined, black-dotted, tube <= filaments; anthers 2–3 mm; style 2–7 mm.
Fruit: 5–15 mm wide.
Seed: 4–20, brown to black, wrinkled, tubercled.
n=9. Highly variable; vars. intergrade. [Online Interchange]

Leaf: lower 6–13-lobed, upper fewer, short-petioled, toothed or lobes narrower.
Flower: corolla 5–20 mm, 10–40 mm wide, bright blue with white center or blue-veined, generally black-dotted at center, tube = filaments.
Seed: 10–20.
Meadows, grassland, chaparral, woodland, slopes, desert washes; 15–1600 m. California Floristic Province, Mojave Desert.

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.