Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Annual to shrub, or non-green root parasite, generally bristly or sharp-hairy.
Stem: prostrate to erect.
Leaf: cauline, often with basal rosette, simple or compound, generally alternate.
Inflorescence: cymes, generally elongate, panicle-, raceme-, or spike-like, generally coiled in flower (often described as scorpioid), generally uncoiled in fruit, or heads, spikes, or panicles, or flowers 1–2 per axil.
Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals (4)5(10), fused at least at base, or free; corolla generally (4)5(10)-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages 0 or 5 at top of tube, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary superior, entire to 4-lobed, style 1(2), entire or 2-lobed or -branched.
Fruit: nutlets 1–4, free ( fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not, or valvate or circumscissile capsule.
± 120 genera, ± 2300 species: tropics, temperate, especially w North America, Medit; some cultivated (Borago, Heliotropium, Echium, Myosotis, Nemophila, Phacelia, Symphytum). Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. [Olmsted et al. 2000 Molec Phylogen Evol 16:96–112] Recently treated to include Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae. —Scientific Editors: Ronald B. Kelley, Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Key to Boraginaceae

Perennial, generally from taprooted, branched caudex; glabrous to spreading-hairy.
Stem: ± erect.
Leaf: cauline and generally basal, alternate, generally petioled, upper generally sessile.
Inflorescence: generally panicle- or raceme-like cymes; bracts 0.
Flower: calyx generally deep-lobed; corolla often ± cylindric or bell-shaped, blue, generally pink in bud, tube generally well developed, exceeding calyx, abruptly expanded at throat, with or without ring of inner hairs, appendages present or not; filaments often ± flat, generally attached ± below appendages, anthers included.
Fruit: nutlets generally wrinkled, attached near or below middle.
± 50 species: North America, temperate Eurasia. (F.C. Mertens, German botanist, plant collector, 1764–1831) Hybrids common; identification sometimes difficult, especially in MP.
Unabridged references: [Williams 1937 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 24: 17–159; Milek 1988 Ph.D. Dissertation Univ of Northern Colorado; Strachan 1988 Ph.D. Dissertation Univ of Montana]

Plant 4–15 dm from thick branched thick-taprooted caudex, glabrous, occasionally glaucous.
Stem: clustered, leafy.
Leaf: basal generally > cauline; cauline with conspicuous lateral veins, lower petioled; blades lanceolate to ovate, acute.
Inflorescence: panicle-like, open.
Flower: calyx 1.5–4 mm; corolla 10–17 mm, limb generally 0.8–1.2(1.5) × tube, tube > calyx, generally without with ring of hairs inside, appendaged; filaments wide, generally > anthers; style exserted 2–5 mm.
2n=24,48. Streamsides, wet meadows, damp thickets, wet cliffs; 1310–3380 m. s High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau, White and Inyo Mountains;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.